论网络犯罪跨境数据取证中的执法管辖权

The Enforcement Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Obtainment of Evidence against Cybercrimes

网络犯罪的急剧增加、传统犯罪与网络信息技术的快速融合深刻转变了犯罪治理的运行场域,跨境数据取证已经成为打击犯罪的新常态,但其因受到执法管辖权的强地域限制而难以有效开展。此时惯性地扩张立法管辖权不仅无助于提升跨境取证效率,也可能模糊跨境数据取证制度建构的重点,甚至严重阻碍打击犯罪的实践运行。基于此,有必要清晰界分立法管辖权与执法管辖权,在后者的理论框架下探索传统刑事司法协助机制以外的跨境数据取证新路径。从执法管辖权的地域性出发,新路径需要建立在国内法与国际法双重正当性基础之上,依据比例原则进行分层分类分场景设计。在具体取证路径上,对于当前国内外普遍探索的直接跨境取证与藉由第三方协助的间接跨境取证两种措施而言,均需要以化解执法管辖权的地域性限制作为逻辑起点,针对直接取证引入善意原则,针对间接取证着力化解合规困境。

As the territories for the governance of crimes have been fundamentally changed by the rapid increase of cybercrimes and the rapid merging of the cyber and information technology with the old ways of crimes,the obtainment of cross-border evidence has become a new normal to crack down crimes,but has been hindered by the strong territorial limit in the enforcement jurisdiction.However,the habitual expansion of the legislative jurisdiction can hardly improve the efficiency for obtaining cross-border evidence,but may fail to give top priority to designing an institution for fulfilling such a purpose,and may even further hinder the practice of combating crimes.Therefore,it is essential that distinctions should be made between the legislative jurisdiction and the enforcement jurisdiction.New approaches to obtaining the cross-border evidence shall be explored in addition to the conventional mechanism for mutual judicial assistance within the theoretical framework of the enforcement jurisdiction.Such new approaches should gain their legitimacy both domestically and internationally,and be developed according to the principle of proportionality and be designed on the level-,type-and context-specifics.To break the limit of territorial jurisdiction is the starting point.For direct obtainment of cross-border evidence,the principle of good faith should be applied;while for obtaining data of evidence with assistance of a third party—usually an internet service provider,the new approach should lay more emphasis on solving the dilemma of compliance in gaining a third party assistance.