考试文化的内涵、分类与选择--兼析“双减”政策下教育考试改革的导向

The Connotation,Classification and Selection of Examination Culture:Analysis of the Guidance of Educational Examination Reform under the Policy of“Double Reduction”

考试文化是对考试活动的理性认识,它包括考试的观念、制度、行为方式、媒介载体等构成要素,发挥文化整体的功能。运用文化学理论,阐释考试文化的内涵、类型、特征和教育影响,可为当今基础教育考试改革提供新的思路。实施“双减”政策,需要构建良好的考试文化,以科学理性、公平公正、以人为本、促进人的全面发展为价值取向;转变考试观念,淡化竞争,重视反馈;变革教育测量与评价方式,改进考试功能;选择适宜的考试内容,提升考试质量;科学规范校外培训项目,保障学生的教育公平和学习权益。

Examination culture is a rational understanding of examination activities,including the concept of examination,system,behavior,media carrier and other elements.It plays the overall function of culture.Using culturology theory to explain the connotation,types,characteristics and educational influence of examination culture can provide a new idea for the examination reform of basic education.To implement the policy of“double reduction”,it is necessary:to construct a good examination culture,which is regard as scientific and rational,fair and just,people-oriented and the all-round development of people;to change the concept of examination,dilute competition,to pay attention to feedback;to improve education measurement and evaluation methods,and strengthen examination function;to choose suitable examination content and improve examination quality;and to scientifically standardize off-campus training programs to protect students’educational equity and learning rights and interests.