论法定数字货币的“去中心化替代”难题及应对策略——基于中国明代货币演化的经验教训及启示

Discussion on the Problem of“Decentralized Substitution”of Legal Digital Currency and Its Countermeasures——Based on the Lessons and Inspirations of China’s Currency Evolution in Ming Dynasty

近年来,数字货币的发展热潮凸显了未来法定数字货币发展中的“去中心化替代”难题。本文通过解析各类数字货币技术外衣下的本质,结合对称量银取代大明宝钞这一历史上唯一的非信用货币,制度性取代信用货币的案例进行分析,探讨了数字货币的前景。本文认为,加密数字货币与称量银、法定数字货币与大明宝钞在性质上具有相似性,但称量银取代宝钞是在明朝赋役货币化改革的特殊历史背景下,因国家能力下降而造成的结果。从这个意义上看,法定数字货币,而非加密数字货币,才是货币发展的主流。

In recent years,the upsurge of digital currency development has highlighted the problem of“decentralized substitution”in the development of legal digital currency in the future.This article analyzes the nature of various types of digital currency technology,and analyzes the case of weighing silver replacing Daming treasure banknotes,the only non-credit currency in history,and institutional replacement of credit currency,and discusses the prospects of digital currency.This article believes that encrypted digital currency is similar in nature to weighing silver,and legal digital currency and Daming treasure banknotes are similar in nature.However,weighing silver replaces treasure banknotes under the special historical background of the Ming Dynasty’s monetary reform of revenues,due to the decline of national capabilities.In this sense,legal digital currency,not encrypted digital currency,is the mainstream of currency development.