探寻大学博雅教育:大学教学中的经典阅读——以中世纪晚期牛津大学艺学院为例

The Liberal Education of Universities:Classic Reading in University Teaching——A Case Study of Arts Faculty in Oxford on the Late Middle Ages

近年来,博雅教育理念在国内大学改革实践中发挥着重要作用,经典阅读成为各大学博雅教育改革的切入点,但仍需进一步认识大学博雅教育与大学教学中经典阅读的本质关系与历史样貌。作为原型大学的中世纪牛津大学承继了古典时代的博雅教育理念,其艺学院教学旨在为法学、医学和神学专业学院提供预备教育,体现为以讲座和辩论为主要方式开展经典阅读,蕴含着注重知识的整体性、注重理性培养的大学博雅教育理念。现代大学博雅教育改革应重视经典阅读的传知育人作用,树立基于理性培养的大学教育理念。

The idea of liberal education of universities have been playing an important role in the universities education reform,along with the initiatives on classic reading.However,we still need to explore the essential relationship and history on liberal education and classical reading of university teaching.As an archetype university,the University of Oxford in the Middle Ages inherited the idea of liberal education of classical times.The teaching of arts faculty provides preparatory education for law,medicine and theology study,with the classic reading mainly by the way of lecturing and debating.It contains the idea of liberal education which pays attention to the integrity of knowledge and the cultivation of rationality.Modern universities should establish the idea of university education based on rationality cultivation,and attach importance to the role of classic reading in instructing and educating.