《马丁·伊登》中的三种个人主义

Three kinds of individualisms in Martin Eden

杰克·伦敦赋予小说《马丁·伊登》以批判个人主义的内涵,但其批判性屡遭评论者质疑。小说涉及的个人主义既指向杰克·伦敦本人与人物马丁对立的阶级立场,又指向尼采式个人主义的具体形式。从立场角度可解释杰克·伦敦被质疑的原因,但是人物马丁的身上却未明确体现对个人主义的批判;从尼采式个人主义的角度可解释作者的批判,却无法将马丁的自杀合理化。在此基础上,论文从马丁性格入手,分析了小说隐含的第三种个人主义———自我式个人主义。三种个人主义并无绝对的契合者,都内在地隐现于文本逻辑中,构成了小说的多重否定视角。

Jack London gave the novel Martin Eden a critical connotation of individualism.However,these kinds of criticism have been repeatedly questioned by critics.The individualism involved in the novel points both to the opposing class position against London himself and Martin,and to the specific form of Nietzsche’s individualism.The reason why London is being questioned can be explained from a standpoint.However,the character Martin did not clearly reflect the critique of individualism.From the perspective of Nietzsche’s individualism,the author’s criticism can be explained,but Martin’s suicide cannot be rationalized.Based on this discussion,this paper analyzes the third kind of individualism implied in the novel,self-individualism from Martin’s character.The three kinds of individualism have no absolute priority,and are all inherently hidden in the logic of text,constituting multiple negative perspectives of the novel.