贵州首次发现的日本松干蚧生物学特性研究

Study on the biological characteristics of Japanese pine bast scale Matsucoccus matsumurae(Kuwana.)identified firstly from Guizhou Province

日本松干蚧Matsucoccus matsumurae(Kuwana.)于2014年在贵州省遵义市汇川区及绥阳县首次发现,目前已导致330 ha的马尾松Pinus massoniana死亡。因该虫隐蔽性强,危害症状极易与真菌病害混淆,防治难度极大。为科学制定防控方法,从2019年4月至2021年4月,开展了日本松干蚧每个虫态的形态特征及其生物学特性研究。结果表明:贵州省发现的松干蚧为日本松干蚧,其一年发生2代,以第2代1龄若虫越冬,并以有性生殖繁衍后代,未见孤雌生殖现象,且春秋两季主要依靠风力进行自然传播,具有传播速度快、致死率高等特点。日本松干蚧系首次传入贵州并进入到北纬27°范围,加之黔中及黔北区域又是马尾松的集中分布区,须加强该区域监测预警工作,特别是加强对针叶枯黄、主梢和枝弯曲的马尾松进行识别和鉴定,适时进行卫生伐,除治濒死木,切断传播途径,做好精准防控。

Matsucoccus matsumurae(Kuwana.)was first discovered in 2014 in Huichuan District and Suiyang County,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,and had now resulted in the death of 330 ha of Pinus massoniana.Because of the strong concealment of the insect and the damage symptoms,which were easily confused with fungal diseases,resulting in the prevention and control were difficult.In order to formulate prevention and control methods scientifically,the morphological and biological characteristics of each state of M.matsumurae were studied from April 2019 to April 2021.The results showed that the pine scale found in Guizhou Province was M.matsumurae.M.matsumurae produced two generations in a year,overwintering with the first instar nymph of the second generation,and reproduces by sexual reproduction,but no parthenogenesis was found.The natural transmission of M.matsumurae in spring and autumn mainly depended on the wind,which had the characteristics of fast transmission speed and high fatality rate.M.matsumurae was introduced into Guizhou the first time and entered the range of 27°north latitude.In addition,the central and north of Guizhou were the concentrated distribution areas of P.massoniana.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early warning work in this region.Particularly,people should strengthen the recognition and identification of P.massoniana with withered and yellow needles,main shoots and curved branches.People should timely carry out sanitary cutting,remove dying trees,cut off the route of transmission,and do a good job of accurate prevention and control.