Response of Escherichia coli to hydrogen nanobubbles:an in vitro evaluation using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy

Hydrogen(H2)-rich water,an apparent source of molecular H2,is an emerging functional drink with many purported benefits for human health(Yang et al.,2020;Ostojic,2021).The preventive and therapeutic effects of H2 on various pathological processes have been intensively investigated in numerous clinical trials;it is commonly believed that the beneficial effects are mainly attributed to its selective antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties(Lee et al.,2015;Ohta,2015;LeBaron et al.,2019;Qiu et al.,2020).In recent years,a handful of rodent studies revealed that exogenous H2 can afifect the gut microbiota(Sha et al.,2018;Valdes et al.,2018).