汉代赎死制度研究

On the redemption of death in Han Dynasty

汉代赎刑中的赎死可以区分为“独立赎刑”性质的赎死,以及“附属赎刑”性质的赎死。独立赎刑性质的赎死主要存续于西汉初期至吕后时期,执行方式主要有以金赎死、以钱赎死及以爵赎死。附属赎刑性质的赎死在西汉初期鲜有记载,盛行于汉武帝时期,后一直延续至东汉时期。附属赎刑性质的赎死执行方式则更为丰富、灵活。通过对《张家山汉墓竹简》《史记》《汉书》及《后汉书》的研究,两汉时期赎死制度的施行情况得以较为清晰的呈现。受特定社会条件的影响,两汉赎死制度不断发展变化,并对当时的社会产生了较大影响。

The redemption of death in Han Dynasty can be divided into“independent redemption”and“subsidiary redemption”.The redemption of death with the nature of independent redemption lasted from the early Western Han Dynasty to Empress LV period.The execution patterns mainly included redemption of death with gold,redemption of death with money and redemption of death with title of nobility.In the early Western Han Dynasty,there were few records of subsidiary redemption of death,which prevailed in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and continued to the Eastern Han Dynasty.The execution patterns of subsidiary redemption of death were richer and more flexible.Through the study of Bamboo Slips from Han Dynasty Tomb in Zhangjiashan,Shih Chi,Han Shu and Hou Han Shu,the operation of the death redemption system in the Han Dynasty can be clearly presented.Under the influence of specific social conditions,the death redemption system in the Han Dynasty developed and changed continuously,and had a great impact on the society at that time.