疫情影响下社会工作介入认知障碍照料者的干预研究--基于TSCP干预模式的本土化实践

A Research on Intervention of Social Work for Caregivers with Cognitive Disorder Patients under the Influence of the COVID-19--Localized practice based on TSCP intervention model

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,加重了认知障碍照料人员的照料负担,冲击着传统以面对面服务为主的社会工作干预方式。本文借鉴国外照顾者线上支持模式(TSCP),立足于社会工作的优势视角与抗逆力理论,以研究团队所成立的认知障碍照料者线上支持小组为例,探索疫情中的线上社会工作实践效果。研究采用质性分析的方法,对36名参与者的服务反馈进行文本整理、深入编码及意义提炼。本系列线上干预显著降低了照料者的发展受限性负担与情感性负担,具体表现为照料者关于认知障碍的知识增加,对自身角色的正确认知,减压技巧的学习与内化,照料过程中关注积极事件,社会支持网络的拓展以及病耻感的降低等。结果表明,线上照料者团体服务效果显著,可在疫情常态化背景下作为线下面对面干预的有效补充。

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia has increased the burden on caregivers with patients in dementia, negatively impacting the traditional social work intervention methods that focus on face-to-face services. Against the background, the article fully absorbs and draws on the online support model of caregivers from abroad(TSCP) and takes the online support group for cognitive disorder patients caregivers established by the research team as an example to explore the practice effect of online social work in the epidemic. All these practices are based on the positive perspective of social work and the Resilience Theory. Qualitative research is carried out to sort out the text, code deeply and refine the meaning based on 36 participants’ service feedback. Eventually, this online intervention significantly reduces the developmental limitations and emotional burdens of the caregivers, which is manifested in the increase in the caregivers’ knowledge about cognitive disorder, the correct cognition of their own roles, and the learning as well as internalization of decompression skills, the attention to positive events in the care process, the expansion of social support networks, and the reduction of stigma. Practice proves that online caregiver group services are effective and can be used as an effective supplement to offline interventions in the context of the normalization of the epidemic.