茶皂素对安徽白山羊小肠黏膜形态及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of tea saponin on intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal flora of Anhui white goat

随机选取体重相近[(12.14±0.59)kg]的3月龄白山羊断奶羔羊21只,断奶时间不超过3 d,随机分为对照组、低浓度(0.625 g·kg^(-1))茶皂素组和高浓度(2.5 g·kg^(-1))茶皂素组,每组7只,饲喂56 d后采集小肠上皮组织,检测其形态结构变化,并取小肠内容物,分析其微生物组成,探究茶皂素对安徽白山羊断奶羔羊小肠黏膜形态和肠道菌群的影响。结果表明:①与对照组相比,添加茶皂素极显著增加十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛长度及绒毛长度/隐窝深度的比值,极显著降低隐窝深度。②与对照组相比,茶皂素组广古菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、红椿杆菌纲、产芽孢菌纲、双歧杆菌目、甲烷杆菌目、双歧杆菌科和甲烷杆菌科相对丰度显著增加,茶皂素组放线菌纲相对丰度显著下降;与低浓度茶皂素组相比,高浓度茶皂素组红蝽菌目、红蝽菌科和丹毒丝菌科相对丰度显著升高。综上所述,茶皂素能促进白山羊羔羊小肠各段发育,提高肠道有益菌群丰度,降低有害菌群比例,改善肠道菌群结构。

To investigate the effect of tea saponin on the intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal flora of weaned lambs of Anhui white goat,a total of 21 weaned lambs of white goat with similar weight[(12.14±0.59)kg]were randomly selected.Lambs were 3 months old and weaned for no more than 3 days.Lambs were randomly divided into control group,low concentration(0.625 g·kg^(-1))tea saponin group and high concentration(2.5 g·kg^(-1))tea saponin group,with 7 lambs in each group.After 56 days of feeding,the intestinal epithelial tissue was collected to detect its morphology and structure,and the intestinal content was taken to analyze microbial composition.The results showed as follows.①Compared with the control group,the villi length of duodenum,jejunum and ileum(P<0.01)and the ratio of villi length to crypt depth(P<0.01)in the tea saponin groups were significantly increased,while the crypt depth significantly reduced(P<0.01).②Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Euryarchaeota,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Coriobacteriia,Erysipelotrichi,Bifidobacteriale,Methanobacteriale,Bifidobacteria-ceae and Methanobacteriaceae in the tea saponin group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of actinobacteria was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with the low concentration tea saponin group,the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales,Coriobactoriaceae and Erysipelotichaceae in the high concentration tea saponin group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,tea saponin can promote the development of small intestine of weaned lambs of white goat and improve the structure of intestinal microflora by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the proportion of harmful bacteria.