中美高校在线教学多维度比较研究——基于两国在线教学研究报告的视角

Comparison and Enlightenment of Online Teaching in Chinese and American Universities during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic:Based on the Perspective of Online Teaching Research Reports of Universities in the Two Countries

2020年疫情期间,中美两国高校都采用了大规模线上教学,两国学者分别对本国高校的在线教学进行了调查和实证分析。本文选取美国学者2020年7月发布的《在线教育全景报告》和厦门大学教师发展中心2020年4月发布的三份《疫情期间线上教学调查报告》进行对比,研究发现:美国高校对于教学设计、教师培训更加关注,中国高校对教学质量监控、教学资源、教学组织保障更加关注;中美高校的大部分教师都缺乏大规模在线教学经验,美国高校有教学设计团队支持在线教学,中国缺乏设计团队支持;中美高校约一半学生在疫情之前未参加过在线教学,多数学生未做好充分的在线学习准备,在线学习参与度不高;中美高校大部分教师需自行转换在线课程;美国高校主要依托高校自身自行解决,少数美国院校求助第三方公司来解决大规模在线教学技术平台的问题,中国高校依靠政府、高校和社会机构协同组织;中美高校所使用的在线教学平台呈现出较大的差异性,美国高校使用的在线教学平台相对集中,中国高校使用的在线教学平台呈多样分散状态。总之,中美高校对于疫情期间的大规模在线教学总体较为满意,对于疫情后是否继续使用在线教学以及在线教学最需要改进的部分仍存在分歧。

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic,both Chinese and American universities have adopted large-scale online teaching,and scholars in the two countries have adopted large-scale online teaching.Conducted an investigation and empirical analysis on the online teaching of domestic universities.This article selects the“The Changing Landscape of Online Education”issued by American scholars in July 2020 and three“Online Teaching Survey Reports during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic”issued by the Center for Teaching and Learning Development of Xiamen University in April 2020.American universities pay more attention to design and teacher training.Chinese universities pay more attention to teaching quality monitoring,teaching resources,and teaching organization guarantees;most teachers in Chinese and American universities lack large-scale online teaching experience.American universities have teaching design teams to support online teaching,while China lacks design-team support;about half of the students in Chinese and American universities have not participated in online teaching before the COVID-19,most students are not fully prepared for online learning,and their participation in online learning is not high;most teachers in Chinese and American universities need to switch online courses by themselves;American universities mainly rely on their own solutions.A few American universities turn to third-party companies to solve large-scale online teaching technology platforms.Chinese universities rely on the collaborative organization of government,universities and social institutions;There are also big differences in select of teaching platforms.The online teaching platforms used by American universities are relatively concentrated,while the online teaching platforms used by Chinese universities are in a diverse and scattered state.In short,Chinese and American universities are generally satisfied with the large-scale online teaching during the 2020 COVID-19,and there are still disagreements on whether to continue to use online teaching after the COVID-19,and the parts of online teaching that need to be improved most.