不同水平赛艇运动员男子单人艇关键技术指标比较及其优化研究

Research on Comparison and Optimization of Key Technical Indexes of Rowing Men’s Single of Different Levels Athletes

目的:比较分析我国不同水平男子单人艇(M1x)关键技术指标差异,研究优化策略和方法,促进M1x技术发展。方法:运用赛艇实船运动生物力学测试系统,对我国25名不同水平男子M1x运动员进行测试,采集不同桨频下运动学、动力学以及功率和效率三方面关键技术指标数据,对比赛桨频下数据进行统计学比较。结果:1)我国赛艇国际级运动健将在M1x项目中桨力偏小,蹬腿速度(V_(legs))慢,出水打滑(β_(slip))大,一桨功率(P_(oar))和一桨做功(W_(oar))偏低;2)赛艇运动健将在M1x项目中的主要问题是拉桨幅度(φ_(oar))、桨力和最大桨力70%维持幅度(F_(max)70%维持幅度)偏小,入水打滑(α_(slip))和β_(slip)较大,船速波动变化大,P_(oar)和W_(oar)偏低;3)赛艇一级运动员在M1x项目中,运动学、动力学以及功率和效率三方面关键技术指标中存在问题较多。结论:1)我国赛艇国际级运动健将的优化策略应注重提高专项最大力量水平,提升M1x后弧有效幅度,并逐步发展爆发力,提升M1x拉桨速度和功率;2)赛艇运动健将的优化策略应注重提高M1x比赛桨频下的φ_(oar)和有效幅度,减小回桨负作用力,逐步提高专项最大力量、爆发力,以提升M1x桨力;3)赛艇一级运动员的优化策略应注重运动素质和技术的全面发展,优先发展专项最大力量、爆发力,M1x的技术优化应贯穿全年,逐步建立良好的技术规范;4)赛艇M1x划桨的关键技术指标优化方法应遵循身体发育规律、运动技能形成规律及训练发展规律,针对性采用分解、完整、增加负荷、视觉及时反馈、专项力量、核心力量和表象等训练方法进行训练,在有条件的情况下使用声反馈系统等新科技手段和方法优化技术。

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences of the key technical indexes of M1x in different levels of rowing in China,study the optimization strategies and methods,and promote the development of M1x technology.Methods:25 Chinese rowers of different levels M1x were tested by using the biomechanical test system of real boat movement in rowing,collect data on three key technical indexes of kinematics,dynamics,power and efficiency under different stroke frequencies,and make statistical comparisons on the data of competition stroke frequencies.Results:1)China’s rowing international athletes have small oar force,slow leg drive speed(V_(legs)),large slip out of the water(β_(slip)),low power at one oar(P_(oar))and work done at one oar(W_(oar))in M1x;2)The main problems of rowing athletes in M1x are that pull amplitude(φ_(oar))is low,oar force and 70%maintenance amplitude of maximum oar force(F_(max) 70%maintenance amplitude)are small,slippage in the water(α_(slip))andβ_(slip) are large,speed fluctuations are large,P_(oar) andW_(oar) are low;3)There are more problems in the three key technical indicators of kinematics,dynamics,and power and efficiency in the M1x event for first-class rowers.Conclusions:1)The optimization strategy of China’s rowing international level athletes should focus on improving the level of special maximum power,enhancing the effective amplitude of M1x back arc,and gradually developing explosive power to improve M1x pulling speed and power;2)The optimization strategy of rowing athletes should focus on improvingφ_(oar) and effective amplitude at M1x race oar frequency,reducing the negative force of back oar,and gradually improving special maximum power and explosive power;3)The optimization strategy for first-class rowers should focus on the overall development of sports quality and technology,prioritize the development of special maximum strength and explosive power,and optimize the M1x technology throughout the year to gradually establish a good technical specification;4)Rowing M1x rowing key technical indexes optimization methods should follow the law of physical development,the law of motor skills formation and training development,targeted use of decomposition,complete,increased load,visual timely feedback,special strength,core strength and appearance and other training methods for training,the use of sound feedback systems and other new technological means and methods to optimize technology where available.