Comparative study of the Malacostraca viromes between deep sea and shallow water

深海与浅海软甲纲动物病毒组的比较研究

Malacostracan crustaceans(order Malacostraca),such as crabs,lobsters,and shrimp,are essential secondary producers,as well as major carriers of viruses,in marine ecosystems and are widely distributed from the intertidal belt to the deep seabed,functioning as ideal models for studies of virus transmission between marine layers.They are of great economic significance since they are important food sources.However,it is also necessary to enrich our understanding of the presence of viruses,such as white spot syndrome virus[1],that are likely to develop into a definite risk.To date,the virome structure of malacostracan crustaceans has not yet been uncovered in toto,let alone the ecological significance and adaptability of viruses at different depths in the ocean.

深海环境具有高压、无光、缺氧、水温低和盐度高等特点,对大部分生物而言是一个极端恶劣的环境.目前人们对深海生物携带病毒的种类和丰度均知之甚少.柯氏潜铠虾(Shinkaiacrosnieri)是能够在海平面以下大约1000米水域生存的少量物种之一,而且在海底冷泉和热泉均有分布.本研究采集了深海柯氏潜铠虾和浅海软甲纲动物(Malacostraca)样本,并通过高通量测序和宏转录组分析方法,发现了深海柯氏潜铠虾携带的10种病毒(目或科水平).比较病毒组学分析结果揭示了海洋不同深度的病毒组结构的差异以及相同之处,而这10种病毒中,Articulavirales和Qinviridae只在深海软甲纲动物中分布,其余8种同时出现在深/浅海软甲纲动物中.此外,本研究还在Hepelivirales中发现了宿主限制性现象.总的来说,本研究首次探索了深海软甲纲动物病毒组并与浅海软甲纲动物病毒进行了比较,该研究有助于扩展人们对隐藏的海洋病毒丰度和数量的认识.