卫星测高技术的发展及其在内陆水体的应用研究

Study on development of satellite altimetry technique and its application to inland water

随着测高卫星监测技术水平和数据精度的提升,将其应用于内陆水体的潜力逐渐凸显。文章首先简要回顾了卫星测高技术的发展历程,并重点汇总了20世纪90年代稳定发展期以来测高卫星的发射任务和运行状态。然后针对卫星测高技术在内陆水体的应用,从水位监测、流量估算、存量测算、气候变化和数据共享等5方面,结合应用实例进行了分析评价。进而提出了卫星测高技术在发展应用中存在的时空分辨率矛盾、数据质量参差不齐、数据验证依据不足等问题及其解决方法。最后,展望了卫星测高技术在内陆水体的应用前景。随着卫星测高技术的发展,测高卫星重访周期的加密、时空分辨率和数据精度的不断提升,将为水资源评价、水资源调度、水资源管理等提供重要支撑。

With the improvement of the technical level and data accuracy of altimetry satellite monitoring,the potential of its application to inland water gradually becomes prominent.The developing course of the technique of satellite altimetry is briefly reviewed herein at first,which focuses on the summarization of the launch missions and operation statuses of the altimetry satellites since the stable development period in 1990s.And then,the analysis and evaluation on the application of the technique of satellite altimetry to inland water in the five aspects,i.e.water level monitoring,flow rate estimation,storage calculation,climate change and data sharing,are made in combination with the relevant application case.Subsequently,the problems of contradictory spatial-temporal resolutions,uneven data qualities,insufficient data verification bases,etc.,during the application of the technique of satellite altimetry and their solving methods are put forward.Finally,the application of the technique of satellite altimetry to inland water is prospected.Along with the development of the technique of satellite altimetry,the densification of the altimetry satellite revisit cycles and the continuous improvements of both the spatio-temporal resolution and the data accuracy,an important support is to be provided by the technique for water resources evaluation,water resource dispatching and water resource management.