四川小麦加工品质调查

Processing Quality of Wheat Samples Harvested from Sichuan Province

【目的】为了明确四川小麦加工品质现状并服务品质育种。【方法】在代表四川小麦主产区的18个试验点连续3个生长季种植7个不同筋力水平的代表性品种,收获后测定加工品质。【结果】样品的加工品质参数在试验点、品种和生长季间虽有差异,但整体表现弱筋特性。分析各个试验点的品质数据,发现四川盆地大部分区域尤其当下的小麦主产区(成都平原和川北地区),适宜生产弱筋小麦。分析适宜区域各个品种的品质参数,发现在适宜区域种植优良品种更有利于生产优质弱筋小麦。对样品的加工品质参数进行方差分析,发现在此试验条件下,生长季效应>品种效应>试验点效应,这进一步说明四川小麦主产区适宜生产弱筋小麦。以市场上20种优质饼干弱筋粉为对照,评价收获样品的酥性饼干品质,发现除蜀麦969外,其他品种的饼干品质显著优于对照;除内江市资中县外,其他17个试验点小麦样品的饼干品质也整体优于对照。【结论】四川麦区适合生产优质弱筋小麦,选育优质弱筋品种并在适宜区域种植更有利于发挥四川的生态优势。

【Objective】To clarify the present situation of wheat processing quality in Sichuan province and provide key information for quality breeding.【Method】Seven wheat cultivars with different levels of gluten strength were planted in 18 ecological sites that can represent the current wheat producing re-gions in Sichuan province,in three consecutive wheat growing seasons. The harvested wheat samples were carefully cleaned and stored at room temperature before measuring processing quality parameters.【Result】The processing quality parameters of the most harvested samples met the national standard for weak-gluten wheat,although these parameters varied among ecological sites,growing seasons and cultivars. When analyzing the data of each ecological site separately,we found that most areas of wheat producing regions in Sichuan(especially Chengdu Plain and north Sichuan) were suitable for the production of weak-gluten wheat. Notably,the samples of elite cultivars shown better weak-gluten quality,compared with those of other cultivars. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) indicated that the effects of cultivars,growing seasons and ecological sites on processing quality ranked as growing seasons>cultivars>ecological sites,under our experimental conditions,which further indicated that Sichuan is suitable for producing of weak-gluten wheat. To evaluate the end-use quality of the harvested wheat samples,the flour was used to make crisp cookies,and 20 brands of popular commercial cookie flour in the supermarket were used as control. With the exception of the cultivar "Shumai969",the flour of other 6 cultivars exhibited better cookie-making quality than control. When considering the difference in ecological sites,the flour in 17 of the 18 sites(except Zizhong County in Neijiang) shown better cookie-making quality than control.【Conclusion】The wheat planting region in Sichuan is one of the best place in China to produce high quality weak-gluten wheat,and the growing of elite cultivars in favourable areas is more conducive to the play of ecological advantages of Sichuan.