巨尾桉精油对黑麦草、小麦种子的化感作用研究

Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Essential Oil on Lolium perenne and Triticum aestivum Seeds

【目的】探究巨尾桉叶精油对黑麦草、小麦种子的潜在化感作用。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla)叶精油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对该精油进行成分分析并测定其对黑麦草和小麦种子的化感作用相关指标。【结果】该精油提取率为0.58%,主要成分为乙酸松油酯、桉叶油醇、蒎烯、α-松油醇等,其中乙酸松油酯(24.604%)含量较高,桉叶油醇(19.843%)次之。经不同质量浓度巨尾桉叶精油处理下黑麦草和小麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、苗高、根长以及叶绿素、丙二醛含量均显著低于对照组,并呈现出剂量效应;尤其黑麦草在精油质量浓度为2.000mg/mL与对照组相比差异显著。在黑麦草、小麦化感响应指数中,除丙二醛外,其余的7个生物测定指标的化感响应指数几乎均为负值,且随精油质量浓度的提高化感响应指数的绝对值逐渐增大。【结论】巨尾桉叶精油对供试植物的化感作用为抑制作用,且抑制作用的强度与精油质量浓度及种子的类型有关。为进一步利用巨尾桉叶精油开发环境型除草剂及农作物合理栽培提供参考。

【Objective】To explore the potential allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla leaves essential oil(EEO) on Lolium perenne and Triticum aestivum seeds.【Method】By steam distillation extract EEO,using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) combination of the essential oil composition analysis and measuring its allelopathy of perennial Lolium perenne and Triticum aes-tivum seeds related indicators.【Result】The extraction rate of essential oil was 0.58%,the main ingredients were terpinyl acetate,eucalyptus oil,alcohol,pinene and alpha terpineol. Among them,terpinyl acetate(24.604%) content was higher than that of eucalyptus oil alcohol(19.843%) and others. The germination rate,germination force,germination index,shoot length,root length,chlorophyll,and malondialdehyde contents of Lolium perenne and Triticum aestivum seeds treated with EEO of different concentrations were significantly lower than those of the control group,and showed dose-effect. In particular,the essential oil concentration of Lolium perenne at 2.000 mg/m L was significantly different from that of the control group. In perennial Lolium perenne,the response of Triticum aestivum allelopathic index,besides malondialdehyde,the rest of the seven biometric indicator feeling response index were almost all negative,and with the essential oil concentration of the absolute value of the response of the allelopathic index increased gradually.【Conclusion】The allelopathic effect of EEO on the tested plants was inhibitory,and the intensity of the inhibitory effect was related to the concentration of essential oil and the type of seeds. This study may provides reference for the further development of environmental herbicide and rational crop cultivation by using EEO.