喜树不同部位提取物对红火蚁的毒力和行为影响

Toxicity and Behavior Effects of the Extracts from Different Parts of Camptotheca acuminata on Solenopsis invicta Buren

【目的】研究喜树不同部位提取物对中型红火蚁工蚁的毒力和行为影响,为利用植物源材料防治红火蚁等重大害虫提供借鉴依据。【方法】采用水试管喂养法,研究不同浓度的喜树叶、茎、种子、芽提取物及喜树碱溶液对红火蚁工蚁的毒杀活性和聚集率、抓附率、行走率、攀爬率的影响。【结果】与对照相比,喜树不同部位提取物对中型红火蚁工蚁均有一定的毒杀作用,试验期间,随时间的延长,红火蚁死亡率增加。其中,种子提取液及100μg/mL喜树碱溶液的毒杀效果最好,处理11 d后,红火蚁的死亡率分别为78.33%和80.00%。喜树不同部位提取物及喜树碱对中型红火蚁工蚁的各种行为能力也有一定的影响,其中,种子和100μg/mL喜树碱的效果最好,处理11 d后,红火蚁的聚集率分别为10.00%和6.67%,抓附率分别为16.67%和15.00%,行走率均为16.67%,攀爬率分别为18.33%和16.67%,二者处理之间均无显著差异,但与对照相比都呈显著差异。【结论】喜树不同部位提取物对中型红火蚁均具有良好的毒杀活性,对其行为也有一定的抑制作用,其中种子的活性最好,具有开发成防治红火蚁植物材料的潜力。

【Objective】The toxicity and the behavior of medium-sized workers of red imported fire ants have studied with Camptotheca acuminata extracts,providing the reference for using of plant source materials to control red imported fire ants and other major pests.【Method】The effects of different concentrations of extracts from Camptotheca acuminata leaves,stems,seeds,buds and also camptothecin solutions on the toxicity,aggregation rate,grasping rate,walking rate and climbing rate of Solenopsis invicta Buren workers were studied by water tube method.【Result】The extracts from different parts of Camptotheca acuminata showed some toxicity to the medium red fire ant workers compared with the control,and during the experiment,the mortality of red fire ants increased with time. The seed extract and 100 μg/m L camptothecin solution indicated the greatest toxicity,the mortality of red fire ants were78.33% and 80.00% after 11 d,and the aggregation rate,grasping rate,walking rate and climbing rate of Solenopsis invicta Buren workers were 10.00% and 6.67%,16.67% and 15.00%,16.67% and 16.67%,18.33% and 16.67%,respectively,with the same time. There was no significant difference between the treatments of seed extract and 100 μg/mL camptothecin solution,but significantly different compared with the results in control.【Conclusion】All the parts of Camptotheca acuminata showed toxicity and behavioral inhibition effects on the medium-sized workers,and seed has the optimal effects,maybe the potential to be developed into plant materials for control of red fire ants.