长三角耕地利用效率及影响因素分析

Analysis of Cultivated Land Use Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Delta

【目的】研究长三角和各区域耕地利用效率及其影响因素,为提高长三角耕地利用效率提供依据。【方法】运用数据包络分析(DEA)、Tobit模型分析以及数理分析方法。【结果】(1)近19年来长三角耕地利用效率均值为0.81并呈波动上升趋势,且根据区域差异可将27个城市划分为高效率区、较高效率区、中等效率区和低效率区;(2)利用Tobit模型分析得出各影响因素对长三角及各区域耕地利用效率的影响具有差异性,人均GDP、耕地复种指数、单位耕地面积施肥量、人均耕地面积和农村居民人均可支配收入对耕地利用效率有显著影响;(3)高效率区应继续落实现行的高效农业财政和生产政策,较高效率区要有效控制化肥使用强度,中等效率区要正确处理区域经济发展与耕地数量的关系,低效率区应在发展经济的同时重视农业耕作。【结论】当前长三角耕地利用效率处于中等水平,多因素的共同作用下使其呈现区域差异性。因此,分区域进行讨论,分析其影响因素的作用程度,探索其特征的内在机理,是实现长三角耕地利用效率提升的有效路径。

【Objective】In order to improve the cultivated land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region,the paper studied the overall and regional cultivated land use efficiency and its influencing factors.【Method】Using data envelopment analysis(DEA),Tobit model analysis and mathematical analysis.【Result】(1)The average utilization efficiency of cultivated land in the Yangtze river Delta region in the past 19 years was 0.81 and fluctuated upward,according to regional differences,27 cities could be divided into high efficiency,higher efficiency,medium efficiency and low efficiency zones;(2)Tobit model was used to analyze the effects of various influencing factors on cultivated land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta. Per capita GDP,cultivated land multiple cropping index,fertilizer application rate per unit cultivated land area,per capita cultivated land area and capita disposable income of rural residents had significant effects on cultivated land use efficiency;(3)The current high-efficiency agricultural finance and production policies should be continued in high efficiency zones,in higher-efficiency areas should effectively control the intensity of fertilizer use,medium-efficiency areas should correctly handle the relationship between regional economic development and the amount of arable land,low efficiency should attach importance to agricultural farming while developing the economy.【Conclusion】At present,the efficiency of cultivated land use in the Yangtze River Delta is at a medium level,which presents regional differences under the joint action of multiple factors. Therefore,it is an effective way to improve the utilization efficiency of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Delta by regional discussion,analyzing the effect degree of its influencing factors and exploring the internal mechanism of its characteristics.