跨境网络犯罪中非正式电子取证的合法性及其效力

The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Informal Electronic Forensics in Cross-border Network Crimes

目前司法实践在对跨境网络犯罪的侦查中越来越多地采用传统刑事司法协助以外的非正式电子取证手段,但学界对此却一直存在着认为非正式电子取证本身不具有合法性以及其所获电子证据在刑事诉讼中的证据效力也存在疑问的攻诘。传统的正式刑事司法协作难以应对新型跨境网络犯罪,数据主权与打击犯罪的利益衡平与我国证据立法的空间表明跨境网络犯罪中非正式电子取证应当具有合法性。在此基础之上,对跨境非正式电子取证所获电子证据的效力认定,应当遵从证据能力到证明力的阶层化思路,在证据能力认定中重点考察是否存在《刑事诉讼法》上规定的非法取证情形从而适用非法证据排除规则;在证明力认定中重视境外电子数据的真实性审查与证据补强来弥补最佳证据规则和瑕疵证据规则。

At present,in judicial practice,informal electronic evidence collection means other than traditional criminal judicial assistance are increasingly used in the investigation of cross-border network crime,but the academic circles have always questioned that informal electronic evidence collection itself does not have legitimacy and the evidence effectiveness of the electronic evidence obtained in criminal proceedings.The traditional formal criminal justice cooperation is difficult to deal with the new cross-border network crime.The balance between data sovereignty and the interests of combating crime and the space of evidence legislation in China show that informal electronic forensics in cross-border network crime should have legitimacy.On this basis,to determine the effectiveness of electronic evidence obtained by cross-border informal electronic evidence collection,we should follow the hierarchical idea from evidence ability to proof ability,and focus on whether there is illegal evidence collection stipulated in the criminal procedure law,so as to apply the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence.In the determination of the weight of proof,we pay attention to the authenticity review and evidence reinforcement of overseas electronic data to make up for the best evidence rules and defective evidence rules.