猕猴桃主栽品种气候品质评价模型构建

Evaluation model building for climatic quality of main kiwifruit cultivars

为定量化评估气象条件对猕猴桃品质的影响,本研究基于贵州、陕西、浙江、湖南和安徽等地猕猴桃可溶性固形物、总酸含量等品质数据,以及日照、气温、降水等逐日气象观测资料,采用相关性分析、通径分析和回归分析等方法,筛选出影响猕猴桃品质的关键气候因子,构建了中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃气候品质评价模型。结果表明:糖分转化期和果实迅速膨大期是猕猴桃品质形成的关键期,该时段的温度、光照是影响猕猴桃品质的主要气候因子;影响中华猕猴桃品质的气候指标主要有成熟前13—15旬的气温日较差(TD_(13-15))、成熟前1—6旬的日照时数(SSH_(1-6))、年气温日较差(TD_y)及果实生育期气温日较差(TD_p);影响美味猕猴桃品质的气候指标主要有成熟前13—18旬最高温度(T_(max13-18))、成熟前1—3旬最高温度(T_(max1-3))、成熟前7—9旬气温日较差(TD_(7-9))、成熟前16—18旬最低温度(T_(min16-18))、成熟前1—6旬平均温度(T_(1-6))、生育期降水量(P_p)及成熟前1—3旬日照时数(SSH_(1-3));对建立的美味猕猴桃和中华猕猴桃气候品质评价模型进行回代检验和预测检验,检验等级与实际等级偏差不超过1个等级的比例均达90%以上,评价模型可客观反映气候条件对猕猴桃品质影响。

To quantify the climatic impacts on the quality of kiwifruit,we used correlation analy-sis,path analysis,and regression analysis to select the key climatic factors and establish the cli-matic quality evaluation models ofActinidia chinensisandActinidia deliciosa,based on the qualitydata(total soluble solid and total acid)of kiwifruit in different areas including Guizhou,Shaanxi,Zhejiang,Hunan,and Anhui,as well as the corresponding daily meteorological obser-vational data including sunshine,temperature and precipitation.The results showed that the keyperiod for quality formulation of kiwifruit was sugar-transformation stage and rapid swelling stageof fruit,with temperature and sunlight as the main factors affecting the quality of kiwifruit.Theclimatic indicators affecting the quality ofActinidia chinensiswere diurnal range of temperatureduring the 13th to 15th ten days before maturity(TD13-15),sunshine hours during the 1st to 6thten days before maturity(SSH1-6),daily range of annual temperature(TDy),as well as thediurnal range of temperature in fruit growth period(TDp).ForActinidia deliciosa,the climaticindicators were the maximum temperature during the 13th to 18th ten days before maturity(Tmax13-18),maximum temperature during the 1st to 3rd ten days before maturity(Tmax1-3),dailyrange of temperature during 7th to the 9th ten days before maturity(TD7-9),the minimum tem-perature during 16th to the 18th ten days before maturity(Tmin16-18),average temperature during1st to 6th ten days before maturity(T1-6),precipitation during fruit growth period(Pp)and sunshine hours during 1st to 3rd ten days before maturity(SSH1-3).The back substitution test andprediction test were carried out on the established climatic quality evaluation models ofActinidia deliciosaandActinidia chinensis.The proportions of the deviation between the simulated test gradeand actual grade with no more than one grade were more than 90%.Thus,the models can objec-tively reflect the impacts of climate on kiwifruit quality.