2020年四川省包虫病监测结果分析

Analysis of Surveillance Results of Echinococcosis in Sichuan 2020

目的了解四川省包虫病流行态势,评估防治成效,为后续防控措施制定提供参考。方法采用超声声像学检查对选取的监测范围内2岁以上常住人口、学校学生进行包虫病患病情况监测,采集家犬、野外犬科动物粪便进行棘球绦虫抗原检测,采用触检、剖检的方式检查监测县中间宿主牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病情况,采用问卷调查了解学生包虫病防治知识知晓及健康行为养成情况,运用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据分析,各率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果 2020年四川省居民、学生新患者检出率分别为0.12‰、0.06‰;2020年,四川省包虫病监测范围总体患病率为0.68%,不同性别、年龄段及地区的患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),女性患病率高于男性,51~60岁年龄段患病率最高(1.11%),甘孜州患病率最高(1.11%);家犬、野外犬科动物犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为0.81%、1.12%,阿坝州野外犬科动物感染率(1.47%)高于甘孜州(0.68%)(χ^(2)=4.63,P<0.05);中间宿主牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病率分别为0.84%、2.80%,甘孜州牲畜、小型哺乳动物患病率(1.24%,3.22%)均高于阿坝州(0.59%,1.14%)(χ^(2)=44.52,P<0.05);小学生包虫病防治知识知晓率为91.21%,不接触狗、饭前洗手、生的家畜脏器不喂狗行为养成率分别为75.42%、76.00%、89.19%。结论四川省包虫病人群新患者检出率、动物宿主感染率稳步下降,通过综合防治措施四川省包虫病流行逐步得到控制,但四川省包虫病野外动物循环链仍处于活跃状态,人群感染风险仍持续存在。

Objective To identity the dynamic changes of echinococcosis and Echinococcus spp. in Sichuan Province, and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control, so as to provide reference for further prevention and control. Methods Ultrasonographic examination was carried out for the prevalence of echinococcosis in the resident over 2 years old and students from random selected surveillance villages of Sichuan province. The feces of domestic dogs and wild canids in the wild were collected for echinococcosis copro-antigen detection, and the prevalence of livestock and small mammals was investigated by means of examining echinococcosis infection in viscera.Questionnaires were used to investigate the students′ knowledge and health behavior development regarding to echinococcosis control. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Chisquare test was used to compare the rates,and the inspection level was 0.05. Results In 2020,the detection rate of new patients among Sichuan residents and students were 0.12‰ and 0.06‰,respectively. In 2020, the overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in Sichuan surveillance villages was 0.68%, and there were statistical differences in the prevalence among different genders, age groups and regions(P<0.01). The prevalence rate of female was higher than that of male. The highest prevalence rate of age group was 51-60 years old(1.11%),and the highest prevalence rate of region was Ganzi prefecture(1.11%);The positive rates of Echinococcus spp. copro-antigen in domestic dogs and wild dogs were 0.81% and 1.12% respectively, and the infection rate of wild canids in Aba prefecture(1.47%) was higher than that in Garze prefecture(0.68%)(χ^(2)=4.63,P<0.05). The prevalences of livestock and small mammals were 0.84% and 2.80%. The prevalence of livestock and small mammals in Garze prefecture(1.24%, 3.22%) was higher than that in Aba prefecture(0.59%,1.14%)(χ^(2)=44.52,P<0.05). The awareness rate of knowledge on echinococcosis prevention was 91.21% in primary school. The behavior rates of not touching dogs,washing hands before meals and not feeding animals with raw organs were 75.42%, 76.00% and 89.19%,respectively. Conclusion The detection rate of new echinococcosis patients and the infection rate of animal hosts in Sichuan have decreased steadily, and the epidemic of echinococcosis disease has been gradually controlled through comprehensive prevention and control measures. However,the live circule of wild animals is still active,and the risk of human infection still persists.