无锡市学校食材集中配送与中小学生午餐营养状况调查

Investigation on Centralized Distribution of School Food Materials and Lunch Nutrition Status of Primary and Middle School Students in Wuxi

目的了解无锡市中小学生营养午餐营养素供给现状和学生对营养午餐评价情况,为后续改善营养午餐食谱提供依据。方法收集2019-09/2020-12无锡市义务教育学校中小学生午餐每周带量食谱,采用营养分析软件计算学生午餐食谱中各类食物种类和营养素供给量,并通过SPSS 21.0软件分析实际供给量与推荐量的差异。自行设计调查问卷,于2019-09在无锡市5所小学和5所初中,调查学生对学校营养午餐的评价。结果小学、初中午餐畜禽肉类供给量偏多分别为77.8 g、86.5 g,水果、奶类、大豆类及其制品供给量低于推荐量。午餐提供的能量偏多,小学、初中蛋白质供给量分别为34.6 g、38.0 g,蛋白质供能比均超过15%,而钙的供给量占全天推荐量比例均低于30%。问卷调查共回收有效问卷1343份,结果显示学生对营养午餐的评价总体良好,小学和初中非常或一般喜欢营养午餐分别占98.20%和96.59%。结论无锡市中小学生午餐供给还存在一些不足,应积极采取措施逐步减少畜禽肉类供给量,增加水果、豆制品的供给量,从而改善营养素供给结构。

Objective To understand the nutrition supply of primary and middle school students in Wuxi and their evaluation of nutritious lunch,and to provide basis for improving the nutritious lunch recipes in the future.Methods The weekly lunch recipes with quantity of primary and middle school students in compulsory education schools in Wuxi from September 2019 to December 2020 were collected to analyze the types of food and nutrient supplies in the lunch diet of students by nutritional analysis software,and SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyze the difference between the actual and recommended amount.In September 2019,a self-designed questionnaire was conducted in 5 primary schools and 5 junior middle schools in Wuxi City to investigate students’evaluation of school nutritious lunches.Results Livestock meat and poultry were excessively supplied,and the amount was 77.8 g and 86.5 g in primary and middle schools respectively.While the supply of fruit,milk,beans and their products was lower than the recommended amount.Lunch provided excessive energy,and the amount of protein was 34.6 g and 38.0 g in primary and middle schools,respectively,with the protein energy ratio exceeding 15%.The calcium supply was less than 30%of the whole day recommended amount.A total of 1343 valid questionnaires were collected.The results showed that the students′evaluation of nutritious lunch was generally good.Primary and middle school students chose“very or generally like nutritious lunch”accounted for 98.20%and 96.59%,respectively.Conclusion There are still some shortcomings in the lunch supply of primary and middle school students in Wuxi.We should take active measures to gradually reduce the supply of livestock and poultry meat,and increase the supply of fruit and bean products,so as to improve the nutrition supply structure.