2019年南宁市中小学生视力不良现状及其影响因素

Current Situation of Poor Vision and Its Influencing Factors Among Primary and Secondary School Students in Nanning City

目的了解南宁市中小学生视力不良现状及其影响因素,为南宁市开展中小学视力保健工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2019年抽取南宁市19所中小学校6852名学生进行双眼裸眼视力检查和问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生视力不良发生的影响因素。结果南宁市中小学生视力不良检出率为63.80%,女生视力不良检出率(69.33%)高于男生(59.33%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=73.302,P<0.01);城区视力不良检出率(67.55%)高于县城(54.94%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=89.575,P<0.01);不同学段比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=521.433,P<0.01),高中最高(78.10%),初中其次(72.46%),小学最低(51.28%)。多因素分析显示,性别、地区、学段、课间休息活动场地、学校按身高调整课桌椅高度、睡眠时间、父母近视情况均是中小学生视力不良的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论南宁市中小学生视力不良情况不容乐观,需要学校、父母、卫生部门多方合力有针对性地开展视力防控综合干预措施,控制和延缓中学生视力不良的发生、发展,降低中小学生视力不良率。

Objective To provide basis for vision protection in primary and secondary school students in Nanning by understanding the current situation of poor vision and its influencing factors.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to select 6852 students from 19 primary and secondary schools in Nanning City for binocular naked eye test and questionnaire survey in2019.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor vision among primary and secondary school students.Results The detection rate of poor vision of primary and secondary school students in Nanning was 63.80%.The detection rate of poor vision in females(69.33%)was significantly higher than males(59.33%),with a P value less than 0.01.The detection rate of poor vision in urban areas(67.55%)was significantly higher than that in county(59.94%)with a P value less than 0.01.Statistically significant difference were noted among different grades(χ^(2)=521.433,P<0.01).The detection rate of poor vision in senior high school,junior middle school,and primary school was 78.10%,72.46%,and 51.28%respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that gender,regions,school period,rest area,adjusted desks or chairs according to height,sleep time and myopia of parents were the influencing factors of poor vision among primary and secondary school students with P values less than 0.05.Conclusion The poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Nanning is not optimistic.It is necessary for schools,parents and health departments to work together to carry out specific and comprehensive vision prevention and control measures,for the purpose of control and delay the occurrence and development of poor vision among secondary school students and reduce the rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students.