原发性高血压患者24h尿钠、尿钾水平特点分析

Analysis of 24h urinary sodium and potassium levels in patients with essential hypertension

目的探讨原发性高血压患者24h尿钠、尿钾水平特点。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月在西安交通大学第一附属医院住院的原发性高血压患者,通过24h尿液测定24h尿钠、尿钾水平,监测24h动态血压,分析24h尿钠、尿钾水平特点及其与血压的相关性。结果纳入患者356例,24h尿钠为(197.43±93.79)mmol,24h尿钾为(36.84±17.03)mmol,钠/钾比值为5.8。男性患者24h尿钠和钠/钾比值均高于女性(均P<0.05)。高尿钠组患者体重指数高于中尿钠组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于正常尿钠组和中尿钠组(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,24h尿钠、钠/钾比值与24h、夜间、白昼的收缩压、舒张压、心率均呈正相关(P<0.05),与夜间收缩压下降率呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论高血压患者24h尿钠及钠/钾比值与性别、体重指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血压、心率有关。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of 24h urinary sodium and potassium levels in patients with essential hypertension.Method Patients with primary hypertension from January 2015 to January 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University were selected as the study objects.The information of 24h urinary sodium and potassium excretion determined by 24h urine and the report of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were collected.The characteristics of urinary sodium and potassium levels and their correlation with blood pressure were analyzed.Result A total of 356 patients were finally included.The average of 24h urinary sodium and potassium were(197.43±93.79)mmol and(36.84±17.03)mmol respectively.Sodium to potassium ratio was 5.8.The 24h urinary sodium and sodium to potassium ratio were higher in males than in females(P<0.05).The BMI in hyperurinary sodium group was higher than in the middle urinary sodium group,whereas HDL levels was lower than the normal and middle urinary sodium groups(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that 24h urinary sodium and sodium to potassium ratio were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate(P<0.05),and were negatively correlated with nocturnal systolic blood pressure drop rate(P<0.05).Conclusion The 24h urinary sodium,urinary potassium and their ratio were associated with sex,BMI,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood pressure,and heart rate.