第28-32届奥运会投掷项目运动员年龄特征发展趋势研究

Research on the Age Characteristics and Development Trend of Throwing Athletes in the 28th-32nd Olympic Games

通过文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法以及个案分析法对第28-32届奥运会投掷项目前12名运动员的竞技年龄从结构、性别、年龄特征等角度进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)在28-32届奥运会投掷项目中,25-30岁年龄段运动员一直是奥运会投掷项目的主力军,在1-3名以及1-12名的人数占比中,一直呈增长趋势;31岁以上年龄段运动员对奖牌仍具有较强的竞争力,在1-3名的人数占比中,整体呈现出增长的趋势。(2)在近5届奥运会中,投掷项目在整体上1-12名运动员平均年龄呈下降趋势;前3名运动员平均年龄发展呈现出增长趋势,女子运动员的平均年龄普遍低于男子运动员。(3)投掷运动员最佳竞技年龄表现出铁饼>链球>标枪>铅球(29>28>27.5>27)的现象。(4)随着科技的助力以及科学的训练理念和方法的普及,国内外部分高水平投掷运动员能够较长时间的保持个人最佳竞技状态。

Through the methods of literature,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis and case analysis,this paper makes a comparative analysis on the competitive age of the top 12 throwing athletes in the 28th-32nd Olympic Games from the perspectives of structure,gender and age characteristics.The results show that:(1)in the throwing events of the 28th-32nd Olympic Games,25-30 years old athletes had always been the main force of the throwing events,and the proportion of ranking 1-3 and 1-12 has been increasing.Athletes over the age of 31 still had strong competitiveness for medals.there is an overall growth trend among the top three athletes.(2)In the past five Olympic Games,the average age of ranking 1-12 athletes in throwing events as a whole showed a downward trend.The average age of the top three athletes showed an increasing trend,and the average age of female athletes was generally lower than that of male.(3)The best competitive ages feature of throwing athletes are as follows:discus throw>hammer throw>javelin throw>shot put(29>28>27.5>27).(4)With the help of science and technology and the popularization of scientific training concepts and methods,some high-level throwing athletes can maintain their personal best competitive state for a longer time.