老年肌少症的运动干预研究进展

Research Progress on Exercise Intervention in Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia

目的:探究运动防治老年肌少症的机理、效果及策略,为老年人科学运用锻炼方法提供理论参考。方法:通过文献资料法在PubMed、万方和CNKI等数据库中进行关键词检索,对近年来国内外有关老年肌少症的运动干预研究进行系统综述。结果:(1)抗阻训练、有氧运动和高强间歇运动等运动可调理体内线粒体、活性氧等分泌物的含量,促使运动神经元保持正常的兴奋状态,改善老年人的肌量、肌力和身体活动能力,可以起到一定的防治作用。(2)从中年时期开始规律性的体育锻炼有利于肌少症的防治。每周2-3次、每次30min,为期8-24周的抗阻训练或每周3次以上、每次60min左右,为期24周以上的有氧运动可能是老年肌少症运动防治的一种可行方案。(3)抗阻训练和有氧联合抗阻训练是防治老年人肌少症多种合并症的主要运动形式,其运动强度可能较健康老年人和单纯老年人肌少症患者低,建议以低中强度为宜。结论:运动锻炼对于老年肌少症的防治具有重要价值,本研究重点对当前老年肌少症的运动防治效果和机制进行了归纳梳理,并针对肌少症的防治时机及方案提供了可行性的建议。当前有关老年肌少症的运动干预研究在逐渐增多,但仍存在不足,尤其是在运动方法的选择上,比如锻炼时间、强度及频率的控制等,仍需进一步细化和明确。

Objective:to explore the mechanism,effect and strategy of exercise in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia among the elderly,and to provide theoretical reference for the scientific use of exercise methods.Methods:by using the method of literature review,key words were searched in PubMed,Wanfang,CNKI and other databases,and the research on exercise intervention of senile sarcopenia at home and abroad in recent years were systematically reviewed.Results:(1)Resistance training,aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise can regulate the content of mitochondria,reactive oxygen species and other secretions in the body,promote the motor neurons to maintain a normal excited state,improve the muscle mass,muscle strength and physical activity ability of the elderly,which can play a certain role in prevention and treatment.(2)Regular physical exercise from middle age is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Resistance training for 8-24 weeks,2-3 times a week,30 minutes each time,or aerobic exercise for more than 24 weeks,more than 3 times a week,60 minutes each time,may be a feasible scheme for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.(3)Resistance training and aerobic resistance training are the main forms of exercise to prevent and treat multiple complications of sarcopenia in the elderly.The exercise intensity may be lower than that of healthy elderly and simple elderly patients with sarcopenia.It is suggested that low and medium intensity should be used.Conclusion:exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.This study focuses on the effect and mechanism of exercise intervention on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly,and provides feasible suggestions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.At present,there are more and more researches on exercise intervention in elderly patients with sarcopenia,but there are still some deficiencies,especially in the choice of exercise methods,such as the control of exercise time,intensity and frequency,which still need to be further refined and clarified.