从一元规制到多元协同:我国重大突发事件中的信息发布机制变革进路

From Unitary Regulation to Multiple Coordination:the Reform Path of Information Release Mechanism in Major Emergencies in China

在社会治理变迁和媒介赋能的双重背景下,我国突发事件信息发布由政府独家管控的“一元规制”模式向政府、专家和群众协同共治的多元协同模式转变。本文以新冠肺炎特大疫情为例,试图解析新时期重大突发事件中多元主体信息发布模式及运行特征。研究发现,重大突发事件中信息的发布由政府主导、自上而下、集中式的信息发布模式向多元协同、自下而上、自组织、开放式的信息发布模式转变。其中,民间信息发布由弱到强,是预警信息的提供者、官方信息的补位者、政府行为的监督者;专家信息发布意见领袖优势明显,但“光环效应”与信息“搭车”并存;政府信息发布全媒体联动,逐步建立起“横向到边缘,纵向到底部”的信息发布体制,但仍存在信息发布不当引发的次生舆情风险。

Under the dual background of social governance changes and media empowerment,the mode of emergency information release in China has been transformed from the unitary regulation under the exclusive control of the government to the multiple collaborative mode under the coordination of the government,experts and the masses.Taking the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreaks as an example,this paper attempts to analyze the mode and operation characteristics of multi-subject information release in major emergencies in the new era.It is found that the information release mode in major emergencies has changed from a government-led,top-down and centralized information release mode to a bottom-up,self-organized,open information release mode.Research shows that the non-governmental information release is becoming increasingly stronger,being the provider of early warning information,the supplement of official information,the supervisor of government behavior;expert information release has obvious advantages,with the"halo effect"and information"hitchhiking"coexisting.As for government information release,a more effective news release system has gradually been established,but there are still potential public opinion risks caused by improper information release.