江口国家气象观测站迁站对比观测数据差异分析

Comparative analysis of observation data of Jiangkou National Meteorological Station before and after its relocation

根据2016年江口国家气象观测站新、旧站址对比观测数据,采用均值差异、显著性检验等方法分析迁站前后气温、气压、湿度、风速风向等气象要素差异。结果表明:新站较旧站气温偏低、气压偏小、风速偏大、降水偏少、湿度偏高,风向符合率较低,仅为18%左右。新址位于城郊,下垫面与旧址建站初期基本一致,气象探测环境较好,且与旧址处于同一气候区,能够代表江口县的天气气候特征。对新站气象资料与旧站前30 a资料进行T检验,表明新址年平均气温、年降水量、年平均相对湿度与旧址差异不显著,资料可合并使用,平均风速不可续接合并使用。海拔高度差、探测环境变化、城市热岛效应及测站下垫面差异等是造成气象要素差异的重要原因。

Based on the observation data of the new and old sites of Jiangkou National Meteorological Station in 2016,methods of mean difference and significance test are adopted to analyze the differences in meteorological elements such as temperature,air pressure,humidity,wind speed and wind direction before and after the relocation.The results show that,compared with the old site,the new site has lower temperature,lower air pressure,higher wind speed,fewer precipitation and higher humidity,and the wind direction coincidence rate is only about 18%.The new site is located on the outskirt of the city,the underlying surface is basically the same as the old site in its early days,and the weather observation conditions are good.The new site is in the same climate zone as the old site,which can represent the weather and climate characteristics of Jiangkou County.The meteorological data of the new site and the 30-year data of the old site are used for T test,and the results show that the annual average temperature,annual precipitation,and annual average relative humidity of the new site aren’t significantly different from those of the old site,and the data can be merged and used,while the average wind speed data cannot be continuously used.The altitude difference,the change in observation environment,the underlying surface difference and the urban heat island effect are important reasons for the differences in meteorological elements.