青年马克思的人权主体观及其启示——基于《巴黎手稿》的解读

Young Marx’s View of the Subject of Human Rights and Its Enlightenment:Based on the Interpretation of Paris Manuscript

人权是人之所以为人的权利。在马克思主义人权理论中,人的主体性问题是一切人权问题的出发点和落脚点。青年马克思在《巴黎手稿》中对“人的本质”问题进行了探讨,并指出人是“类存在物”。人的类特性是“自由的有意识的活动”,这种活动所表现的劳动或实践的实质是人本质力量的对象化,揭露了人的本质异化现象并对其复归提出了自己的思路。马克思在《巴黎手稿》中对人的主体性理解突破了启蒙思想家人权理论的局限性,不仅为其历史唯物主义思想的形成与发展奠定了基础,也对我们理解人的主体性问题产生了深远的影响,同时对我们当下理解作为新时代人权话语的“美好生活”有着重要的启示作用。

Human rights are the rights that defines what it is to be human.In the Marxist theory of Human Rights,human subjectivity is the starting point and ending point of all human rights issues.In the Paris Manuscript,young Marx discussed“the essence of man”and pointed out that man is a“quasi-beings”.The nature of human being is“free and conscious activity”,the essence of which is the objectification of the power of human nature,which reveals the phenomenon of human nature alienation and puts forward Marx’s own way of thinking.In the Paris Manuscript,Marx’s understanding of human subjectivity broke through the limitations of the human rights theory of the Enlightenment thinkers.It not only laid the foundation for the formation and development of his historical materialism,but also gave us a profound understanding of human subjectivity.At the same time,it has an important enlightening effect on our current understanding of the“good life”as a human rights discourse in the new era.