刑法体系解释之解释规则的反思、重构与展开

Reflection,Reconstruction and Application of the Rules of Systematic Interpretation of Criminal Law

在制定法体系化建构与实施的当下,刑法的体系解释备受期许。但是,因类型化、具体化、可操作性强的解释规则的整体缺位,而影响了该解释方法之应有功能的最大限度发挥。基于刑法解释学领域的理论检视和法学方法论中类型思维的启示,有必要以刑法乃至以刑法为中心的整个制定法之外在体系与内在体系为类型基准,分别确立同一律、排他律、次序性、反面推论以及当然解释、同类解释、罪刑互动解释、整体解释等八个具体解释规则,并逐一廓清各规则的注重方向、适用条件与操作步骤。

The scope of the system is the scope chosen by the criminal law system and even the whole legal system when interpreting and demonstrating a criminal law text with the interpretation of the criminal law system,according to the relevant facts of the case.However,due to the lack of typed,concrete and operable interpretation rules,the proper function of the interpretation method has been seriously affected.Based on the theoretical examination in the field of criminal law hermeneutics and the enlightenment of type thinking in legal methodology,it is necessary to establish the rules of interpretation by classification based on the external system and internal system of criminal law and the whole legal system.Among them,the interpretation rules based on“external system”are mainly“the same law rule”,“the exclusive law rule”,“the order rule”,“the reverse inference rule”,and the interpretation rules based on“internal system”are mainly“the natural interpretation rule”,“the similar interpretation rules”,“the interactive interpretation rule of crime and punishment”and“the overall interpretation rules”.