母子公司架构下双重代表诉讼制度的证成与构建

Jurisprudence Deduction and System Construction of Double Derivative Suit under a Parent-Subsidiary Structure

我国市场经济的快速发展推动公司结构从单一平面转向多元立体,母子公司逐渐成为现代公司的常态化架构形态。随着公司集团化如火如荼地进行,建立在单一公司架构上的传统公司法窒碍凸显,已无法有效解决母公司股东权益保护的难题。2016年最高人民法院发布的《关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)(征求意见稿)》首次将股东代表诉讼的适用范围扩展到母子公司,但并未突破股东代表诉讼的局限。根植于公司立体架构的双重代表诉讼兼具实体法理和程序法理的正当性,能够有效弥补制度阙如,为母公司股东提供有力保障。鉴于此,我国应积极引入双重代表诉讼制度,结合基本国情和立法现状厘清适用范围、原告资格等结构性因素,并从穷尽内部救济、适用程序豁免、保障公司自治、赋予法院司法审查权等角度对前置程序进行细化和完善。

The rapid development of the market economy in China has promoted the company structure from a plane to a multi-dimensional structure.The parent and subsidiary companies have gradually become the normal structure of modern companies.With the development of company grouping,the traditional company law based on a single company structure has many shortcomings,and it has been unable to effectively solve the problem of protecting parent company shareholders’rights and interests in the form of parent company and subsidiary company.The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Issues Relating to Application of Company Law of the People’s Republic of China(IV)(Draft for Comments)issued by the Supreme People’s Court in 2016 extends the scope of application to the parent and subsidiary companies for the first time.However,such provisions did not break the limitation of the shareholder derivative suit.The double derivative suit,which is rooted in the company’s three-dimensional structure,is legally justified and can effectively make up for the lack of the system and provide practical institutional protection and relief paths for the parent company shareholders.Therefore,China should actively introduce the double derivative suit system,and clarify the application scope,litigants and other structural factors in combination with the basic national conditions and legislative status.In addition,pre-procedures are refined and improved from the perspectives of exhaustion of internal remedies,application of procedural exemption,guarantee of corporate autonomy,granting of judicial review power to courts,etc.,so as to achieve the effectiveness of the double derivative suit system to the greatest extent.