互联网法院是专门人民法院吗——以《人民法院组织法》第15条为中心展开

Is the Internet Court a Specialized People’s Court?According to the Provisions of Article 15 of the People’s Court Organization Law

当前,互联网法院在运行中存在的问题很大程度上来源于对其定位不明。通说认为,互联网法院属于专门人民法院范畴。在我国,设立专门人民法院主要是从治理因素、依托因素、服务因素、整合因素等多方面进行考量。由此,我国专门人民法院在发展过程中形成了为满足管理特定领域需要、管辖范围多跨行政区划、专门管辖等特征。因互联网法院不具备前述特征,其不应被视为专门人民法院,而应被看作专业化审判机构的一种。明确互联网法院专业化审判机构的属性、定位、功能能够厘清互联网法院发展中的障碍,更好地发挥其审判机构优势。

At present,the predicament in the operation of the Internet Court is largely derived from its unclear positioning.It is believed that the Internet courts belong to the category of special people’s court.In China,the establishment of specialized people’s courts is mainly considered in terms of governance factors,reliance factors,service factors and integration factors.As a result,China’s specialized people’s courts have formed in the process of development to meet the needs of specific areas of management,jurisdiction across administrative divisions,specialized jurisdiction and other features.As the Internet Court does not possess the aforementioned characteristics,it should not be regarded as a specialized people’s court,but rather as a type of specialized judicial institution.By clarifying the attributes,positioning and functions of the specialized judiciary of the Internet Court,the obstacles in the development of the Internet Court can be clarified and its advantages as a judiciary can be better utilized.