论《民法典》中行政法规介入之正当性及其限度

Legitimacy and Limitation of the Intervention of Administrative Regulations in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

《中华人民共和国民法典》(下称《民法典》)增设了大量行政立法权条款。面对行政法规广泛介入《民法典》现象,民法学界长期以来的讨论更注重私法自治的防御性功能。而以区别于部门法的整体法秩序观之,《民法典》需要行政立法权的规制和促进,行政法规也借助私法自治理念从管理法转变为服务法。梳理《民法典》中行政立法权介入条款,接轨行政法规介入形态和《民法典》提供的介入路径,尝试性提出行政法规介入《民法典》时形式一致性到实质一致性的转向。在此基础上,应从谦抑性、合比例性、法律保留等原则与清理、再生产等技术路径,在行政法规介入的前端施以限度的控制。

Civil Code of the People's Republic of China added a large number of administrative legislative power clauses.In the face of the widespread involvement of administrative regulations in the Civil Code,civil law scholars have long discussed the defensive function of private law autonomy.Different from the perspective of departmental law,through the overall legal order,the civil system stipulated in the Civil Code needs the regulation and promotion of administrative legislative power.As an administrative regulation added to the Civil Code,it realizes the transformation from management law to service law with the help of the spirit of civil law.Combing the administrative legislative power clauses in the Civil Code,linking the intervention form of administrative regulations and the intervention path provided by the Civil Code,and tentatively proposing that the formal consistency of the administrative regulations intervention in the Civil Code turns to the consistency of the substantive law order.On the basis of substantive law order,the basic limit control should be exercised at the front end of the intervention of administrative regulations from the basic principles of modesty,proportionality,legal reservation and the technical path of cleaning up and reproducing administrative regulations.