福斯特“自然资本化”批判思想及其价值

Forster’s Critical Thought of“Natural Capitalization”and Its Value

福斯特是生态学马克思主义的代表人物之一,他深入挖掘马克思主义理论并对资本主义生态危机的根源及其解决路径等问题进行了剖析和探索。当前生态问题在全球范围内日趋严峻,福斯特立足分析资本与自然之间关系及其与生态危机的内在联系,指出“自然资本化”的反生态性主要体现在以下方面:生产目的颠倒了商品的使用价值与交换价值;生产规模的扩张模糊了一般生产与资本主义再生产;资本主义制度导致了人与自然关系的破裂,对人与自然造成了双重危害。在资本逻辑的驱使下,自然被纳入资本逐利的范畴,人们对自然资源的占有与滥用超出了生态系统的承受极限,自然界的修复周期性与资本的扩张性之间出现冲突和对立,造成生态资源枯竭、生物多样性减少、生态链断裂以及气候异常等一系列问题。对此,福斯特提出了变革资本主义生产方式、对资本主义制度进行革命、建立生态道德价值观念思想。当前我国正处于经济发展与生态保护并重的阶段,福斯特“自然资本化”的批判思想为我国生态文明建设过程中妥善处理经济与自然之间的关系,为构建具有中国特色社会主义的生态文明提供了新的理论视野。

As one of the representative scholars of ecological Marxism,Forster deeply explored Marxist theory and analyzed the root of capitalist ecological crisis and its solution.At present,ecological problems are becoming increasingly severe across the world.Based on the analysis of the relationship among capital,nature and ecological crises,Forster pointed out that the anti⁃ecological feature of“natural capitalization”is mainly reflected in the following aspects.The purpose of production reverses the use value and the exchange value of goods;the expansion of production scale blurs the general production and capitalist reproduction;the capitalist system leads to the split of the relationship between man and nature,doing harm to them both.Driven by the capital logic,nature has been included in the category of profiteering capital and human’s possession and abuse of natural resources exceed the limit of ecosystem.Conflicts and confrontations occur between the periodicity of natural restoration and the capital expansion,resulting in a series of problems such as the depletion of ecological resources,the reduction of biodiversity,the disruption of ecological chain and climate anomalies.Forster put forward the ideas of reforming the capitalist mode of production,revolutionizing the capitalist system and establishing ecological moral values.China is currently paying equal attention to economic development and ecological protection.Forster’s critical thought of“natural capitalization”provides a new theoretical vision for properly handling the relationship between economy and nature in the process of ecological civilization promotion and building ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics.