从《亚洲的戏剧》反观中国贫困治理的制度优势

A Study of the Institutional Advantages of China’s Governance on Poverty in the View of Asian Drama

贫困问题一直是困扰大多数发展中国家的顽固性问题。发展经济学代表人物之一冈纳·缪尔达尔在《亚洲的戏剧——南亚国家贫困问题研究》一书中深入分析了南亚国家深陷贫困陷阱的制度根源,认为帝国主义留下的殖民遗产,新帝国主义的剥夺性积累,根植于传统的种姓制度及其观念,“软政权”导致的政策虚置或执行偏差等等,是南亚国家深陷贫困陷阱难以自拔的重要内外制度根源。相似的历史境遇,共同的贫困难题,南亚贫困问题为我们正确认识我国的贫困治理成效提供了很好的“他者”视角。坚持中国共产党的坚强领导,坚持社会主义基本经济制度,坚持以人民为中心的政府主导等等,构成了中国贫困治理取得历史性成效的独特制度优势。

Poverty has always been a persistent problem that plagues most developing countries.Gunnar Myrdal,one of the representative scholars on development economics,analyzes the institutional roots of South Asian countries’poverty traps in the book Asian Drama:An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations,and believes that the colonial legacy left by imperialism,the deprivation accumulation of new imperialism rooted in the traditional caste system together with its concept,and the policy deficiencies or implementation deviations caused by the“soft regime”are the important internal and external system roots to have trapped South Asian countries in poverty which they cannot get rid of by themselves.Similar historical circumstances,common poverty problems,and South Asian poverty issues provide China with a good“other”perspective to correctly understand the effectiveness of China’s governance on poverty.Adhering to the CPC’s leadership,the basic socialist economic system,and the people-centered government dominance constitute the unique system advantages for China to have achieved historic results in poverty governance.