朱熹、王阳明 “人欲”问题之比较

A study of the Comparison of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming’s Thought on “Human Desire”

朱熹坚持“存天理,灭人欲”,将人的欲望扼杀在封建伦理道德的牢笼之中,实际上是想要用封建伦理纲常控制人。王阳明坚持“存天理,去人欲”,注重通过自身修养达到去除不良欲望的目的,虽然同样有维护统治的意味,但其路径与朱熹大相径庭。朱熹、王阳明二人对“人欲”的探讨涉及各自理论中的本体、认知以及方法层面,正是由于二人对于世界本原的判断和认识的不同,才导致在处理“人欲”的问题上最终走向不同的道路。

Zhu Xi insisted on“knowing the truth while exterminating the desire”so as to strangle people’s desires in the cage of feudal ethics.In fact,he wanted to control people with feudal ethics.Wang Yangming insisted on“knowing the truth while eliminating the desire”and focused on the goal of eliminating bad desires through self-cultivation.Although it also meant to maintain the rule,it was quite different from that of Zhu Xi.Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming’s discussion of“human desire”involves ontology,cognition and method levels of their respective theories.It is precisely because of the difference between their judgments and understandings of the origin of the world so that they finally took a different way in dealing with the issue of“human desire”.