缺位与补位:明清徽州女性生存状况研究

A Study of the Living Condition of Huizhou Women in the Ming and Qing Dynasty: Absence and the Fill-in

明清徽州因男性大批外出营商,女性留守成为徽州社会的普遍现象。面对男性的长期缺位,徽州女性顺势补位,以强大的自我牺牲和自我克制精神,在勤俭持家、孝养长辈、经济支撑、绵延宗嗣等领域承担起了更多的责任,创造出巨大的社会价值。徽州这一独特的社会经济特征对徽州的婚姻形式、婚姻价值观念乃至女性评价标准等带来了深远的影响。

In the Ming and Qing dynasties,a large number of men left home and women stayed behind,which became a common phenomenon in Huizhou society.In the face of the long-term absence of men,Huizhou women filled in men’s position with the trend.With a strong spirit of self-sacrifice and self-restraint,Huizhou women bore more responsibilities in such fields of frugality as household management,filial piety to maintain elders,economic support,and raising descendants at the cost of self-value,which created huge social value.The unique social and economic characteristics of Huizhou had a profound impact on Huizhou society in the Ming and Qing Dynasty in terms of marriage forms and values as well as women’s evaluation standards.