化肥减施对大白菜生长、产量和品质的影响

Effect of Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Chinese Cabbage

以19杂2和19杂3大白菜为试材,设计追肥过程中的化肥减施试验,以期为种植户提供科学施肥方案。每个品种设置4个处理,处理1(CK),常规追肥;处理2至处理4从第二次追肥开始按照大白菜需肥规律改用配方肥,化肥总量分别减施20%、30%和40%,收获前调查各处理下大白菜的生长状况、产量及品质。与对照比较,19杂3大白菜处理4株高、株幅最大,分别增加4.49%、10.1%;处理2球高、球宽最大,分别增加2.28%、2.35%;处理3单株毛重、单株净重、生物学产量和经济学产量最高,分别增加57.75%、57.89%、39.89%和39.88%;处理4总糖、总酸含量最高,分别增加83.33%、95.77%;处理2粗纤维含量最低,降低10.87%;处理4硝酸盐含量最低,降低18.03%。19杂2大白菜的处理4株高、株幅、球高、生物学产量和经济学产量最高,分别增加6.06%、11.3%、1.97%、6.32%和3.52%;处理2维C含量最高,增加23.29%;处理3粗蛋白含量最大,增加11.43%。对于19杂3大白菜来说,在适当减施氮肥、增施磷钾肥情况下,可以有效促进大白菜的生长发育,提高产量与品质,尤其是在试验中化肥减施30%时。对于19杂2大白菜来说,化肥减施对其影响不大。

In order to provide scientific fertilization scheme for vegetable growers,the experiment of reducing fertilizer application during topdressing was designed with 19 Za 2 and 19 Za 3 Chinese cabbage as test materials.Four treatments were set for each cultivar,1(CK),conventional dressing,2 to 4:from second times of top dressing to formula fertilizer according to the requirement of Chinese cabbage,the total amount of fertilizer was reduced by 20%,30%and 40%,respectively,and the growth,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage under different treatments were investigated before harvest.Compared with the control,Under treatment 4,19 Za 3 Chinese cabbage had the largest plant height and plant width,which was increased by 4.49%and 10.1%,respectively;the head height and width under treatment 2 were the largest,which were increased by 2.28%and 2.35%,respectively;the gross weight,net weight,biological yield and economic yield under treatment 3 were the highest,which were increased by 57.75%,57.89%,39.89%and 39.88%,respectively;the total sugar and total acid content under treatment 4 were the highest,which were increased by 83.33%and 95.77%respectively;the crude fiber content under treatment 2 was the lowest,which was decreased by 10.87%;the nitrate content under treatment 4 was the lowest,which was decreased by 18.03%.19 Za 2 Chinese cabbage under treatment 4 had the highest plant height,plant width,bulb height,biological yield and economic yield,which were increased by 6.06%,11.3%,1.97%,6.32%and 3.52%,respectively;the content of VC under treatment 2 was the highest,with an increase of 23.29%,and the content of crude protein under treatment 3 was the highest,with an increase of 11.43%.For 19 Za 3 Chinese cabbage,the growth and development,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage could be effectively promoted under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,especially in this experiment when the chemical fertilizer was reduced by 30%.For 19 Za 2 Chinese cabbage,the reduction of chemical fertilizer had a little effect on it.