东亚同文书院研究评述及其展望

A Review and Prospect of the Research of Toa Dobun Shoin

作为晚清至二战时期日本在中国内地设立的唯一一所海外大学,东亚同文书院组织师生进行长期的田野调查,足迹遍及中国,留下了大量手稿资料,其内容和质量不亚于著名的满铁调查。日本学界对东亚同文书院的研究自20世纪80年代后逐渐增多,着重于书院历史和调查特点的研究。国内的研究则基本始于90年代,起初对书院历史和侵华行为较为关注,20世纪末以来,随着以冯天瑜教授为代表的一批访日学者向国内引介影印版调查手稿,学界利用东亚同文书院资料开展专题研究越来越多。相较而言,欧美学者更为关注书院的教学特点和其在国际政治关系中所发挥的作用。东亚同文书院调查资料具有数据详实,时间跨度长,涵盖领域广等优点,是中国近代史研究的重要文献资料补充。未来的相关研究将进一步立足本土视角,以之做为梳理近代中国工业化历史进程脉络的资料依据。

As the only overseas university established by Japan in China's Mainland from the late Qing Dynasty to World War Ⅱ,the Toa Dobun Shoin organized its teachers and students to fulfill long-term fieldwork which covered most of the regions in China,leaving behind a large number of manuscripts,the content and quality of which are no less than the famous surveys by SMR Co,. This article reviews domestic and foreign related researches on Toa Dobun Shoin and its manuscripts. The Japanese scholars promote its research on Toa Dobun Shoin mainly since the 1980s,focusing on the study of the history and investigation characteristics of the academy. Domestic research basically began in the 1990s. At first,they focused on the history of the academy and its invasion of China. Since the end of the 20th century,a group of Chinese visiting scholars represented by Professor Feng Tianyu,introduced photocopied survey manuscripts. There are increasing researches using the manuscripts of the Toa Dobun Shoin. In contrast,European and American scholars pay more attention to the teaching characteristics of the academy and its role in international political relations. The survey of Toa Dobun Shoin has the advantages of detailed data,long time span,and wide coverage. It is an important document supplement for the study of modern Chinese history. The relevant research in the future will be further based on the local perspective and take it as the thread to sort out the historical process of industrialization in modern China.