《道德经》翻译的陌生化研究——以亚瑟·威利的英译本为例

On Defamiliarization in English Translation of Tao Te Ching

陌生化理论对于文学典籍翻译研究具有重要参考意义。在典籍翻译过程中,翻译审美客体的异域性和杂合性能够保留源语文本的语言和文化差异,并将此差异与平行文本的诗学特征杂合,通过延长审美接受者的关注时间来创造新奇的审美感受,产生陌生化效果。《道德经》是近代西方翻译界传播范围最广、影响力最大的中国古代典籍之一,其所蕴含的哲学思想和价值理念充分展现了中国古代圣贤通透的思想智慧与超前的世界观。对于西方学者来说,该翻译选目与其语言文化本身具有“陌生感”。以亚瑟·威利的《道德经》英译本为例,分别从翻译选材、翻译修辞两大层面探讨了译者在英译过程中使用的陌生化翻译策略,并指出陌生化翻译不仅能够给读者带来新奇的审美享受,还能在一定程度上保留作品的文学性,这对中国文化思想的海外传播无疑是有利的。

Defamiliarization has an important influence on literary translation.In the process of literary translation,the heterogeneity and hybridity of translating can preserve language features and cultural differences of source text,mixing these differences with poetic characteristics of target language,and finally extend reader's attention time and produce unfamiliar effects.Tao Te Ching is one of the most influential ancient Chinese classics in western world,whose philosophical values fully demonstrate advanced wisdom and world views of ancient Chinese people.For most Western scholars,Tao Te Ching as a new translating material is unfamiliar.Therefore,based on Arthur Waley's translation of Tao Te Ching,this article has discussed strategies of defamiliarization in the process of translation from two perspectives of translating material and translating rhetoric,trying to point out that defamiliarization strategies in translation can not only bringing newness to readers,but also contributes to the realization of literariness,which is undoubtedly beneficial to the spread of Chinese culture in the foreign world.