煤炭气化技术的比较与分析

Comparison and Analysis of Coal Gasification Technology

各种煤炭气化技术应用领域不同,且均有优缺点。其中,固定床、流化床气化稳定可靠、效率高、比氧耗及能耗低,对煤种煤质变化不敏感,可适应一些劣质的煤种,在煤制天然气中有广泛的应用,但单炉生产能力相对较低;气流床气化温度较高,单炉生产能力较大、碳转化率高,但比氧耗较高、投资巨大,对煤种煤质如灰熔点、水分等指标要求相对严格。从不同煤炭气化技术的特点来看,建设煤化工项目,应结合煤种的适应性、原料消耗、生产强度等方面进行比较分析,同时考虑原料煤煤质情况及生产产品及规模,确定合适的煤炭气化技术。煤炭气化装置大型化、能量合理回收利用、拓宽气化煤种的适应性及气化技术耦合等新型煤炭气化技术是发展的趋势。

The application fields of various coal gasification technologies are different,and they have advantages and disadvantages.Among them,fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification are stable and reliable,with high efficiency,low specific oxygen consumption and energy consumption.They are not sensitive to the change of coal type and coal quality,and can adapt to some inferior coal types.They are widely used in coal to natural gas,but the production capacity of single furnace is relatively low;Entrained flow gasification has high temperature,large production capacity and high carbon conversion rate,but it has high specific oxygen consumption and huge investment,so it has relatively strict requirements on coal quality such as ash melting point and moisture.From the characteristics of different coal gasification technologies,the construction of coal chemical projects should be combined with the adaptability of coal types,raw material consumption,production intensity and other aspects of comparative analysis,while considering the quality of raw coal and production products and scale,to determine the appropriate coal gasification technology.New coal gasification technologies such as large-scale coal gasification plant,reasonable energy recovery and utilization,broadening the adaptability of gasification coal and coupling of gasification technology are the development trend.