影响干煤粉气化炉长周期运行问题分析与优化

Analysis and Optimization of Long-Period Operational Problem of Dry Pulverized Coal Gasifier

干煤粉气化具有能耗低、合成气成分合宜、工艺流程及操作简单等诸多优势,在我国已具有强大的技术和应用基础,将是煤气化工艺中的主要发展方向,但单炉的运行周期还有待提高。通过对干煤粉气化炉点火烧嘴、下渣口、激冷环、下降管以及破泡条关键设备进行优化改造,提高了点火烧嘴、下渣口、激冷环的使用寿命,其中下渣口使用寿命长达2 a;降低了粗合成气离开激冷室水浴的流速,使粗合成气大量夹带液体与颗粒的现状得到明显改善,激冷室液位由改造前的30%提高至改造后的40%;解决了粗合成气自身夹带的颗粒累计附着在破泡条上面造成堵渣问题。以上优化措施,实现了气化装置满负荷、长周期稳定运行。

Dry Pulverized coal gasification has many advantages,such as low energy consumption,suitable composition of Syngas,simple process and operation.It has a strong technical and application foundation in China,and will be the main development direction in coal gasification technology,however,the operating cycle of the single furnace needs to be improved.The key equipment of ignition burner,slag outlet,chilling ring,downcomer pipe and foam bar of dry pulverized coal gasifier were optimized,the service life of the ignition burner,the bottom slag mouth and the chilling ring is increased,and the service life of the bottom slag mouth is up to 2 a;the flow rate of coarse syngas leaving the water bath in the cooling chamber is reduced,and the present situation of large amount of liquid and particle entrainment in the coarse syngas is obviously improved;the utility model solves the problem that the coarse synthetic gas entrainment particles are cumulatively attached to the bubble-breaking bar and cause the slag plugging.The above optimization measures have realized the full load and long period stable operation of the gasifier.