不同土壤含水量对油橄榄幼苗生理特性的影响

Effects of different soil water content on physiological characteristics of young olive trees

【目的】研究油橄榄生长土壤水分含量与叶片生理特性的影响,了解生长土壤水分含量与叶片生理特性的关系,为油橄榄科学栽培管理提供参考。【方法】以1年生油橄榄主栽品种豆果为研究对象,使其生长在土壤含水量为30%、40%、50%、60%、70%及80%的土壤里,对比油橄榄叶片光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的差异,了解油橄榄生长所需水分对上述指标的影响。【结果】随着土壤含水量的减少,油橄榄叶片叶绿素a含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素总量、叶片抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD和CAT含量)、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量和电导率均呈现先增后降的趋势。在土壤含水量70%处理时,叶绿素总量、可溶性蛋白含量和POD活性均为最高,在土壤含水量30%处理时,均为最低。70%处理的叶绿素总量、可溶性蛋白含量及POD活性较80%处理分别增加了14.18%、25.21%和2.96%。在土壤含水量60%时,类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量、CAT和SOD活性均为最高,在土壤含水量30%时,均为最低。60%处理的类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量较80%处理分别增加了8.71%和8.86%。60%处理的CAT和SOD活性与80%处理的无显著性差异。油橄榄叶片MDA含量随土壤含水量的减少呈先降后增的趋势,在土壤含水量保持在30%时,MDA含量为最高,70%处理时为最低,30%处理较70%的处理增加了62.00%;70%处理时MDA含量较80%处理减少了6.91%。【结论】油橄榄生长土壤含水量以60%~70%较为适宜,土壤含水量低于30%应及时补充水分。

【Objective】To study the influence of soil moisture content and leaf physiological characteristics of olive growth,to understand the relationship between soil moisture content and leaf physiological characteristics,and to provide a reference for olive cultivation management.【Method】Taking arbequina,the main cultivated variety of olive as the research object,planted it in soil with 30%,40%,50%,60%,70%and 80%soil water content to compare the photosynthetic pigment content and anti-oxidation of olive leaves.The difference in enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content was analyzed to understand the influence of water required for the growth of olive oil on the above indicators.【Result】With the decrease of soil water content,chlorophyll a content,carotenoid content,total chlorophyll,antioxidant enzyme activity(SOD,POD and CAT content),proline content,soluble protein content and electrical conductivity of olive leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.When the soil moisture content was 70%,the total chlorophyll,soluble protein content and POD activity were all the highest,and when the soil moisture content was 30%,they were all the lowest.The total chlorophyll and POD activity of 70%treatment increased by 14.18%,25.21%and 2.96%,respectively,compared with 80%treatment.When the soil moisture content was 60%,the carotenoid content,proline content,CAT and SOD activities were the highest,and when the soil moisture content was 30%,they were all the lowest.The content of carotenoids and proline in the 60%treatment increased by 8.71%and 8.86%,respectively,compared with the 80%treatment.There was no significant difference between CAT and SOD activity of 60%and that of 80%.The content of MDA in olive leaves decreased first and then increased with the decrease of soil water content.When soil water content was kept at 30%,the content of MDA in olive leaves was the highest,and the content of MDA in 70%treatment was the lowest,and the content of MDA in 30%treatment increased by 62.00%compared with that in 70%treatment.MDA content in 70%treatment decreased by 6.91%compared with 80%treatment.【Conclusion】The soil water content of 60%~70%is more suitable for olive growth,and the soil water content should be replenished in time when it is less than 30%.