不同种源文冠果种子的表型变异

Phenotypic variation analysis of seeds from different provenances of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

【目的】揭示文冠果种子变异规律,为文冠果优树选择、引种利用及其种质资源保护提供参考。【方法】利用主成分分析、巢式方差分析、相关分析和聚类分析等方法对10个种源文冠果种子的10个表型性状进行分析比较。【结果】文冠果种子表型性状在不同个体间均存在变异,其中百粒质量的变异范围最大,72.275%的表型变异来自种源间。文冠果种子的发育明显受环境因子的调控,百粒质量与日照时长呈显著正相关,百粒质量和出仁率均与降水量呈显著负相关,种仁出油率和百粒出仁量均与相对湿度显著相关。在所研究的10个种源地中,越往北、西北方向,空气湿度相对越低,降水量越少,阳光充足,文冠果质量性状较好,其种子经济指标(种仁含油率和百粒出仁量)越好。将10个文冠果种源划分为4大类,地理位置上相近的种源基本聚在一起,而且自西北至东南方向,其亲缘关系逐渐变远。【结论】文冠果种子表型性状在种源间和种源内均存在变异,种子发育受基因型及环境影响,种仁饱满度、种壳厚度等不同,进而导致文冠果种子的百粒质量在不同种源之间均存在显著差异。文冠果种子的表型性状与环境因子具有显著相关关系,降雨量越小,文冠果种子的经济指标越好。

【Objective】To reveal the seed variation law of Xanthoceras sorbifolium,so as to provide reference for the selection,introduction and utilization of superior trees and the protection of germplasm resources.【Method】Principal component analysis(PCA),nest analysis of variance(NVA),correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to compare 10 phenotypic traits of seeds from 10 provenances.【Result】The phenotypic traits of X.sorbifolium seeds varied among different individuals,and the variation range of 100 seed mass was the largest.72.275%of the phenotypic variation came from provenances.The development of X.sorbifolium seeds was obviously regulated by environmental factors.There was a significant positive correlation between 100 seed mass and sunshine duration,a significant negative correlation between 100 seed mass and kernel yield and precipitation,and a significant correlation between seed oil yield and 100 seed yield and relative humidity.Among the 10 provenances studied,the farther north and northwest,the lower the air humidity,the less precipitation,sufficient sunshine,the better the mass of X.sorbifolium,and the better the seed economic indexes(kernel oil content and 100 kernel yield).The 10 provenances of X.sorbifolium were divided into four categories.The provenances with similar geographical location were basically gathered together,and their genetic relationship gradually became farther from northwest to Southeast.【Conclusion】The phenotypic characters of X.sorbifolium seeds vary between and within provenances.The seed development is affected by genotype and environment,resulting in different kernel plumpness and seed shell thickness,which leads to significant differences in 100 seed mass between different provenances.The phenotypic characters of X.sorbifolium seeds were significantly correlated with environmental factors.The smaller the rainfall,the better the economic indexes of X.sorbifolium seeds.