土壤养分与新疆灰枣果实品质的多元分析及优化方案

Multivariate analysis and optimization scheme of soil nutrients and nutritional quality of Xinjiang grey jujube

【目的】为了研究枣园土壤养分与枣果营养品质间的复杂关系,制定土壤养分因子的优化方案,从而为新疆枣园的科学施肥与精准化管理提供参考依据和技术指导。【方法】对新疆8个灰枣主产县市的24个枣园的枣果营养品质和土壤养分含量进行测定,运用R语言和SIMCA多元统计软件分析并筛选出影响枣果品质的重要土壤养分因子,并利用Lingo软件建立线性规划方程,探明枣果品质最优时土壤养分因子的优化方案。【结果】研究区的枣园土壤皆为碱性土壤,土壤中的碱解氮含量匮乏,而速效磷含量丰富且皆处于适宜含量范围内,各枣园间土壤速效钾含量差异明显,55%以上枣园的土壤速效钾含量处于丰富水平;枣果品质是土壤养分因子共同作用的结果。偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明,枣果蛋白质含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮含量和土壤pH值的影响,可溶性糖含量主要受土壤速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,可滴定酸含量主要受土壤速效磷、速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,维生素c含量主要受土壤速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,类黄酮含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量和土壤pH值的影响,总酚含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量和土壤pH值的影响,氨基酸含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响。【结论】新疆灰枣园土壤养分的最优方案为:当土壤pH值为8.12~8.2,土壤中有机质的含量为28.79 g/kg,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别为18.3~60.0、166.93~206.65、143.1~151.65 mg/kg时,枣果实的品质最优。在对新疆灰枣枣园的施肥管理中,应注重水肥管理的科学性,适时增施有机肥,调节土壤pH值,适当减少磷肥、钾肥的施用量,增施氮肥,做到因地制宜,选择科学的施肥配比。

【Objective】In order to study the complex relationship between the soil of the jujube orchard and the nutritional quality of the jujube fruit,a soil factor optimization plan was developed to provide reference and technique of scientific fertilization and precision management.【Method】The nutrient quality and soil nutrient content of jujube fruit were determined in 24 jujube orchards in 6 main gray jujube producing regions,counties and cities in Xinjiang.The important soil factors affecting jujube quality were screened out using R and SIMCA multivariate statistical analysis,and using Lingo to formulate linear equations,the optimization plan of soil factors for the best quality of jujube fruit was explored.【Result】The soils in the sampled jujube orchards were all in an alkaline environment,the content of alkaline hydrolyzs nitrogen in the soil was lacking,and the content of available phosphorus was within the appropriate range and the content was abundant.The content of available potassium was significantly different among jujube orchards,and more than 55%were in an abundance state.The quality of jujube fruit was the result of the combined effects of soil factors.The results of partial least square regression analysis showed that protein content was mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil pH.Soluble sugar content was mainly affected by available potassium and soil pH.Titratable acid content was mainly affected by soil pH.Available phosphorus,available potassium and soil pH were affected.The content of vitamin C was mainly affected by available potassium and soil pH.The content of flavonoids were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and soil pH.The content of total phenols were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and soil pH.The content of amino acids were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and soil pH.【Conclusion】The optimal plan for soil nutrients in jujube orchard in Xinjiang grey was:soil pH 8.12-8.2,organic matter content 28.79g/kg,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen 18.3-60mg/kg,available phosphorus content 166.93-206.65mg/kg,available potassium 143.1-151.65mg/kg,in which condition,the jujube quality is the best.It is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizers,adjust the soil pH,appropriately reduce the application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer,increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer,and pay attention to the scientific management of water and fertilizer,and select the fertilizer ratio according to local conditions.