基于刺之多寡藤椒品系的果实挥发性成分比较分析

Comparative analysis of fruit volatile components based on less and plenty prickle strains of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

【目的】为分析少刺藤椒优良品系和常规藤椒在挥发油含量、主要挥发性成分及其相对含量方面的差异,以期为已培育出的少刺藤椒品系应用推广提供科学依据。【方法】以少刺藤椒优良品系YTCJ1和YTCJ2为研究对象,以常规藤椒作为CK,采用GC-MS对鲜椒果实挥发性物质进行定性、定量分析。【结果】少刺藤椒YTCJ1和YTCJ2的挥发油含量均为3.20 mL·100g^(-1),比CK提高14.28%;3个品系藤椒挥发性成分总离子流出峰时间主要集中在前32 min,共鉴定出54种化合物,其中YTCJ1鉴定出49种,YTCJ2鉴定出33种,CK鉴定出41种,三者鉴定出共有成分27种,以醇类、烯烃类化合物为主,芳樟醇、柠檬烯、侧柏烯3种成分的峰面积之和分别占YTCJ1、YTCJ2和CK挥发油总峰面积的66.08%、53.53%和59.83%;YTCJ1鉴定出9种特有化学成分,峰面积之和占总峰面积的4.19%;YTCJ2鉴定出2种特有化学成分,峰面积之和占总峰面积的18.28%;CK鉴定出1种特有化学成分,峰面积之和占总峰面积的9.86%。【结论】对以挥发油含量作为品质评判标准的藤椒来说,选育出的少刺藤椒优良品系具有比常规藤椒高的挥发油含量,果实挥发油含量并未随皮刺减少而降低,具有推广的物质基础;藤椒挥发油中沸点较低的成分比重大,芳樟醇、柠檬烯、侧柏烯是藤椒果实挥发性物质的主要成分,少刺藤椒YTCJ1和YTCJ2果实挥发油含量及主要挥发性成分含量总体略高于常规藤椒。

【Objective】In order to analyze the differences of volatile oil content,mainly volatile components and relative content between superior strains with less prickles and conventional strain with plenty prickles of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,and provide scientific basis for the application and promotion of the cultivated less prickles strains of Z.armatum DC.【Method】Taking the less prickles superior strains with YTCJ1 and YTCJ2 of Z.armatum DC.as the research materials,and conventional strain as CK,the volatile compounds in fresh fruit were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).【Result】The volatile oil contents of YTCJ1 and YTCJ2 were 3.20 mL·100g-1,14.28%higher than CK.The time of total ion flow peak of volatile components was mainly concentrated in the first 32 min in the three strains of Z.armatum DC.and 54 compounds were identified.Among them,49 compounds were identified by YTCJ1,33 compounds were identified by YTCJ2,and 41 compounds were identified by CK.There were 27 common components among three strains,mainly alcohols and alkenes.The sum of peak area of linalool,limonene and phellodendrene accounted for 66.08%,53.53%and 59.83%of the total peak area of volatile oil in YTCJ1,YTCJ2 and CK.YTCJ1 identified 9 unique chemical components,and the sum of peak area accounted for 4.19%of the total peak area.YTCJ2 identified 2 unique chemical components,the sum of peak area accounted for 18.28%of the total peak area;CK identified 1 unique chemical component,with the peak area accounting for 9.86%of the total peak area.【Conclusion】With the volatile oil content as the quality evaluation standard,the selected superior strains with less prickles of Z.armatum DC.had higher volatile oil content than that of conventional strain,and the volatile oil content in fruit did not reduced with the decrease of prickles,which had the material basis for promotion.The components with lower boiling points in the volatile oi had a high proportion;the linalool,limonene,and sabinene were the main components of volatile substances in fruit.The contents of volatile oil and main volatile components in YTCJ1 and YTCJ2 were slightly higher than those of conventional of Z.armatum DC..