越南油茶实生优株选择与产区初步评价

Selection of superior trees and preliminary evaluation of producing regions of Camellia vietnamensis seedling

【目的】为给越南油茶种质资源育种与开发利用提供数据支持,同时为海南省高产油茶基地的规划建设提供参考依据。【方法】分别于2017与2018年对海南省的6个产区(保梅岭、霸王岭、澄迈、白沙、儋州、琼海)和32个越南油茶单株的主要农艺性状、产量性状和茶籽油品质性状进行了调查和观测,比较分析了同一产区不同年份间和同一年份不同产区间的差异情况,并采用灰色关联分析法进行了单株优选和产区评价。【结果】叶长、果皮厚度、干种仁含油率、茶籽油的过氧化值和茶籽油中肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸等脂肪酸组分的含量在不同年份间均有显著差异;叶片大小和形状、果实大小和形状、果皮厚度、单果质量、干种仁含油率、茶籽油的过氧化值、皂化值和茶籽油中肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、花生酸的含量在同一年份不同产区间均有显著差异;树冠单位面积产果量、树冠单位面积产油量、出籽率、干种子出仁率、茶籽油的酸价、碘值和茶籽油中油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生—烯酸的含量则在同一产区不同年份间和同一年份不同产区间的差异都不显著;所有产区的茶籽油其品质指标都达到了GB/T11765—2018《油茶籽油》中规定的质量要求。基于产量和品质综合性状对不同单株和产区分别作灰色关联分析,结果表明8和9号单株均为丰产、优质单株,霸王岭产区和保梅岭产区可能均为优势产区。【结论】越南油茶实生选种需要开展多年、多点的试验研究,丰产性是越南油茶的主要育种目标,海南省西南部热带雨林油茶产区很可能是越南油茶的优势产区,该产区蕴含着丰产、优质单株。

【Objective】The research will provide data for the development and utilization of Camellia vietnamensis germplasm resource breeding in Hainan,and provide reference for the scientific planning and construction of Hainan high-yield base of C.vietnamensis.【Method】The agronomic traits,yield traits and oil quality traits of C.vietnamensis were studied among 32 high-yielding seedling trees in 5 producing regions(Baomeiling,Bawangling,Chengmai,Baisha,Danzhou)of Hainan Province in 2017 and 2018.The variations of the inter-year of same producing regions and the interproducing regions of same year were compared and the superior trees were selected and the producing regions were evaluated by grey relational degree analysis method.【Result】There were significant differences on the inter-year of the same producing in leaf length,pericarp thickness,oil content of dry kernel,and peroxidation value,the content of myristic acid,palmitic acid,acachidic acid of C.vietnamensis oil.There were significant differences on the inter-producing of the same year in leaf,fruit size and shape,pericarp thickness,single fresh fruit mass,oil content of dry kernel,and peroxide value,saponification value,and the content of myristic acidpalmitic acid,arachidic acid of C.vietnamensis oil.There were no significant difference on the inter-year and inter-producing region in fruit yield,oil yield of unit canopy area,seeds rate,kernel rate of dried seeds,and acid value,lodine value,the content of oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,11-eicosenoaic acid of C.vietnamensis oil.All quality traits met the requirements of the camellia seed oil(GB/T117656-2018).The results of grey relational degree analysis showed that the tree 8 and 9 had high yield and quality,Baomeiling and Bawangling might be the dominant producing regions.【Conclusion】Seeding selection of the C.vietnamensis needs to be carried out in different regions at the same time and keep on for many years.The breeding goal of C.vietnamensis in Hainan is still high yield.The tropical rainforest area in southwestern Hainan Province is likely to be the dominant one as in which there remains single plants with high yield and quality.