育苗基质对威宁短柱油茶容器苗生长的影响

Effects of nursery substrata on the growth of container seedlings of Camellia weiningensis

【目的】探索适合威宁短柱油茶容器苗生长的基质,为威宁短柱油茶容器苗培育提供参考。【方法】选择黄心土、泥炭、腐殖质、珍珠岩、茶壳粉和蛭石作为培育基质,按不同体积比例混合成4种育苗基质,即腐殖质20%+泥炭30%+黄心土50%(T_(1))、泥炭60%+蛭石30%+珍珠岩10%(T_(2))、泥炭50%+黄心土10%+茶壳粉20%+蛭石20%(T_(3))、黄心土50%+腐殖质50%(T_(4)),在无纺布袋内进行威宁短柱油茶容器苗育苗试验,对不同基质培育的油茶苗各项指标进行综合评价。【结果】威宁短柱油茶播种1 a后,苗高、地径和叶片数量平均值由大到小依次为T_(2)、T_(1)、T_(4)、T_(3)处理。T_(2)、T_(4)和T_(1)处理培育的苗木达到国家油茶容器苗一级苗标准,T_(3)处理培育的苗木达到国家油茶容器苗二级苗标准。生物量指标分析结果显示,T_(4)、T_(2)和T_(1)处理的容器苗物质积累量多,T_(3)处理的物质积累量最少,由多到少依次为T_(4)、T_(2)、T_(1)、T_(3)。根系形态指标分析结果显示,根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根尖数量最大的均为T_(4)处理,根系直径最大的是T_(3)处理。【结论】以泥炭60%+蛭石30%+珍珠岩10%为基质培育的威宁短柱油茶苗地上生长指标最佳,长势最好;以黄心土50%+腐殖质50%为基质培育的威宁短柱油茶苗的生物量最高,苗木品质最好,根系形态指标也最好。建议推广以这2种基质配比培育威宁短柱油茶容器苗。

【Objective】To explore the matrix suitable for the growth of the Camellia weiningensis seedlings,and to provide reference for the cultivation of container seedlings of C.weiningensis.【Method】The loess,peat,humus,pearl rock,tea shell powder and zircon were selected as the breeding matrix,and mixed into 4 seedling substrates according to different volume ratios,i.e.humus 20%+peat 30%+loess 50%(T_(1)),mud charcoal 60%+zircon 30%+pearl rock 10%(T_(2)),Peat 50%+loess 10%+tea shell powder 20%+zircon 20%(T_(3)),loess 50%+humus 50%(T_(4)).In the non-woven bag,the seedling test of C.weiningensis was carried out,and the indicators of oil tea seedling cultivated by different substrates were evaluated comprehensively.【Result】After the planting of 1 a,the average number of seedlings,diameters and blades was processed from large to small for T_(2),T_(1),T_(4),T_(3).T_(2),T_(4)and T_(1)treatment of cultivated seedlings to meet the national oil tea container seedling standards,T_(3)treatment and cultivation of seedlings to meet the national oil tea container seedlings secondary seedling standards.The results of biomass index analysis showed that T_(4),T_(2)and T_(1)processed container seedlings accumulated more,T_(3)processed the least amount of material accumulation,from more to less T_(4),T_(2),T_(1),T_(3).The analysis results of root morphology index showed that the root length,root surface area,root volume and root tip quantity were the largest T_(4)treatment,and the root system diameter was T_(3)treatment.【Conclusion】The ground growth index of C.weiningensis seedlings cultivated with peat 60%+zircon 30%+pearl rock10%as the matrix is the best and the best growth index,and the biomass of C.weiningensis seedlings cultivated with loess 50%+humus 50%is the highest,the quality of seedlings is the best,and the root form index is also the best.It is suggested to promote the cultivation of C.weiningensis container seedlings with the ratio of these two substrates.