重合而非解构——后经典叙事学的故事与话语之分

Overlap instead of deconstruction--The distinction of story and discourse in post-classical narratology

后经典叙事学在发展的过程中,急于宣布经典叙事学的过时,以至于部分经典叙事学的概念尚未得到完全澄清,例如乔纳森·卡勒与帕特里克·奥尼尔对故事与话语的解构。对此,国内叙事学家申丹提出非解构性的阐释,详细回应了对故事与话语的解构,也承认二者存在重合之处,这一重合体现在叙述者截留人物话语、叙述者借用人物感知、叙述者与人物产生功能上的重合这三方面上,不能因为故事与话语的越界重合而对其进行解构。同时,故事与话语作为经典叙事学的理论概念,即使是在如今的后经典叙事学中,其区分同样也可以得到实现,并且,新媒介中主体自身与叙述者的感知合并造成叙述者的隐蔽也未能解构故事与话语,只是这一区分过程变得复杂。对于二者的区分,有利于叙事学的理论发展与实际运用,使得经典叙事学与后经典叙事学形成互补关系。

In its development,post-classical narratology has been rushing to declare classical narratology obsolete,to the extent that some of the concepts of classical narratology have not been completely clarified,such as Jonathan Culler's and Patrick O’Neill’s deconstruction of story and discourse.In response,domestic narratologist Shen Dan proposes a non-deconstructive interpretation that responds in detail to the deconstruction of story and discourse,while acknowledging that there is an overlap between the two,which is reflected in three aspects:the narrator’s interception of the characters’discourse,the narrator's borrowing of the characters’perceptions,and the narrator’s functional overlap with the characters,which cannot be deconstructed on account of the transgressive overlap between story and discourse.At the same time,the distinction between story and discourse as a theoretical concept of classical narratology can also be implemented even in today’s post-classical narratology,and the merging of the subject’s own perception with that of the narrator in the new media resulting in the narrator’s invisibility does not deconstruct story and discourse,but only complicates the process of this distinction.The distinction between the two is conducive to the theoretical development and practical application of narratology,making classical narratology and post-classical narratology form a complementary relationship.