《朱子语类》“抓取”概念词语类聚考

A gathering study on the conceptual words of “grasping concepts” in “Zhuzi Yulei”

《朱子语类》中表“抓取”概念的词语有“攫”“拿”“抓”“取”“捉”“拈(捻、撚)”“掇”“捏”八个,这些词参构的复音词涵盖了先秦至宋各个时代的语言成分,形成完整的词汇系统。从共时角度分析使用情况,并用概念要素分析法对比词义异同,可知:“攫”“取”“捉”“拈(捻、撚)”“掇”为承古词,“拿”“抓”“捏”为后起白话词。“取”和“拈(捻、撚)”为典型成员,“捉”“掇”“攫”“捏”为一般成员,“拿”“抓”为边缘成员。

The word expressing the concept of“grab”in“Zhuzi Yulei”includes“Jue”“Na”“Zhua”“Qu”“Zhuo”“Nian”“Duo”“Nie”,and the polyphonic words constituted by these 8 words cover the linguistic components from pre-Qin to Song dynasties,forming a complete vocabulary system.Analyzing the usage from the synchronic level,and comparing the similarities and differences of words meaning with the method of conceptual element analysis,then it can seen that“Jue”,“Qu”,“Zhuo”,“Nian”,and“Duo”are the ancient words,and“Na”,“Zhua”and“Nie”are from the vernacular.“Qu”and“Nian”are typical members,“Zhuo”“Duo”“Jue”and“Nie”are general members,and“Na”and“Zhua”are marginal members.